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The impact of microbial communities on the incidence of foliar fungal disease symptoms in wheat

微生物群落对小麦叶部真菌病症状发生率的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1803295
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Nottingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1803295
关键词：
impact microbial communities incidence foliar

项目摘要

The study of plant diseases in controlled environments offers several advantages in terms of controlling / or minimising additional factors which might influence the outcome of the disease interaction. This includes limiting exposure to various environmental stresses as well as minimising interactions with other organisms including natural microbial communities. However these experiments may not translate completely into real field situations where the additional stresses including negative and positive interactions will almost certainly alter the outcome of a plant pathogen interaction, and this may ultimately affect crop yield.In natural field systems plant pathogens cause disease in heterogeneous environments where variable microbial communities may impact negatively or positively upon symptom severity and / or nutrient acquisition. Very few efforts have been made to address the interactions between organisms which can cause major foliar diseases of wheat within environments of variable above and below ground microbial communities.This project aims to understand how two major global disease-causing fungi on wheat leaves, Zymoseptoria tritici (Zt), the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) and Parastagonospora nodorum (Pn), the causal agent of Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), affect wheat-associated microbial communities and vice versa. The project will use both controlled environment experiments and field samples to monitor changes in microbial communities throughout fungal infection and changes in foliar diseases in response to distinct microbial communities. Antagonistic and agonistic interactions will be studied and microbes or microbial communities identified which can alter the outcome or severity of wheat disease caused by either or both fungi.A secondary objective will be to identify and engineer a wheat leaf associated endophytic fungus to produce fungal effector proteins via manipulation of Type 2 secretion to enhance the rate of screening for effector sensitivities in diverse wheat germplasm.The hypotheses to be tested in this project include1- That under controlled conditions STB and SNB have different impacts on associated below and above ground microbial communities2- That artificial manipulation of above and/or below ground microbial communities influences foliar disease symptomology caused by STB and SNB3- That particular mutants of Zt and Pn defective in different components of pathogenicity and virulence have distinct effects on microbial communities present within the infected leaf4- That wheat plants artificially inoculated by each fungal pathogen in the field will have different disease symptomology and microbial associations compared to controlled environments5- That we can identify and engineer a new fungal effector delivery system in a wheat leaf-associated endophytic microbe.The study of plant diseases in controlled environments offers several advantages in terms of controlling / or minimising additional factors which might influence the outcome of the disease interaction. This includes limiting exposure to various environmental stresses as well as minimising interactions with other organisms including natural microbial communities. However these experiments may not translate completely into real field situations where the additional stresses including negative and positive interactions will almost certainly alter the outcome of a plant pathogen interaction, and this may ultimately affect crop yield.In natural field systems plant pathogens cause disease in heterogeneous environments where variable microbial communities may impact negatively or positively upon symptom severity and / or nutrient acquisition. Very few efforts have been made to address the interactions between organisms which can cause major foliar diseases of wheat within environments of variable above and below ground microbial communities.

在受控环境中研究植物病害在控制/或最小化可能影响病害相互作用结果的额外因素方面提供了几个优势。这包括限制暴露于各种环境压力，以及最大限度地减少与其他生物体（包括天然微生物群落）的相互作用。然而，这些实验可能无法完全转化为真实的田间情况，其中包括负面和正面的相互作用的额外的压力几乎肯定会改变植物病原体相互作用的结果，这可能最终影响作物产量。本项目旨在了解小麦叶片上两种主要的全球性致病真菌-三裂壳针孢菌（Zymoseptoria triacetylum，Zt）（引起三裂壳针孢斑点病（Septoria triacetylblotch，STB）的病原菌）和Parastagonospora nodorum（Pn），颖壳针孢斑点病（SNB）病原体影响小麦相关微生物群落，反之亦然。该项目将使用受控环境实验和田间样本来监测真菌感染过程中微生物群落的变化以及针对不同微生物群落的叶面病害变化。研究拮抗和激动的相互作用，并鉴定微生物或微生物群落，这些微生物或微生物群落可以改变由一种或两种真菌引起的小麦病害的结果或严重程度。第二个目标是鉴定和工程化小麦叶相关内生真菌，通过操纵2型分泌物产生真菌效应蛋白，以提高不同小麦种质中效应物敏感性的筛选率。在本项目中测试的内容包括：1-在受控条件下，STB和SNB对相关的地下和地上微生物群落具有不同的影响2-对地上和/或地下微生物群落的人工操作会影响STB和SNB引起的叶面病害生态学3-Zt和Pn缺失不同致病性和毒性组分的特定突变体对微生物群落有不同的影响4-与受控环境相比，在田间人工接种每种真菌病原体的小麦植物将具有不同的疾病病理学和微生物协会5-我们可以在小麦叶相关的内生微生物中鉴定和设计新的真菌效应物递送系统。或者使可能影响疾病相互作用结果的额外因素最小化。这包括限制暴露于各种环境压力，以及最大限度地减少与其他生物体（包括天然微生物群落）的相互作用。然而，这些实验可能无法完全转化为真实的田间情况，其中包括负面和正面的相互作用的额外的压力几乎肯定会改变植物病原体相互作用的结果，这可能最终影响作物产量。很少有人努力解决生物体之间的相互作用，可以导致主要的叶面病害的小麦在可变的地上和地下微生物群落的环境。