EXPOSURE TO RADON AND CANCER RISK

接触氡气和癌症风险

• 批准号: 6432308
• 负责人: Dale P Sandler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6432308
• 关键词: cancer registry /resource; cancer risk; child (0-11); clinical research; environment related neoplasm /cancer; environmental toxicology; human subject; leukemia; longitudinal human study; lung neoplasms; minings; neoplasm /cancer epidemiology; occupational hazard; pediatric neoplasm /cancer; radiation carcinogen; radon; statistics /biometry; toxicant interaction; uranium

Aims:1) To assess the role of lifetime residential exposure to radon and risk of lung cancer while taking into account active and passive exposure to cigarette smoke. 2) To contribute to national estimates of risk associated with radon exposure by pooling data with other studies of residential radon exposure and contrasting observed risk estimates with those predicted based on studies of uranium miners. 2) To explore other risk factors for lung cancer, including environmental exposures ascertained through linkage with geographically based data systems. Factors of interest include particulate matter air pollution, arsenic in drinking water, altitude, and numerous occupational, medical, and lifestyle factors ascertained from personal interviews. 3) To explore the risk for childhood cancers associated with residential radon exposure. Accomplishments: Data analysis has now been completed to assess lung cancer and childhood leukemia risk associated with residential radon exposure. For the lung cancer study, a uniform data structure has been created, allowing us to link a complex, multi-level data set. Residence addresses have been geocoded to facilitate linkage with geographical databases on factors associated with radon levels in homes. Housing characteristics associated with radon levels have also been identified and methods for dealing with missing exposure data have been evaluated. Although radon levels are lower than predicted, our coverage of the exposure time-window of interest is quite good. 20% of study subjects have complete coverage of the years between age 25 and 5-years before diagnosis. 60% have complete data for the years between 25 and 5 years prior to diagnosis or interview. Results suggest little overall lung cancer risk from radon at the low doses studied, but the data are consistent with estimates based on extrapolating from known effects in miners. Data on particulate matter air pollution have been obtained and a mapping strategy has been devised to estimate exposures for all houses in the study sample. Maps have been completed and analysis has begun to evaluate the link between this exposure and lung cancer risk. A similar approach will be used to link residences to information on arsenic in drinking water. Additional analyses will focus on high risk subtypes and other lung cancer risk factors such as environmental tobacco smoke exposure, occupational factors, altitude, and prior lung disease.

目的：1)评估居民终身接触氡和肺癌风险的作用，同时考虑主动和被动暴露在香烟烟雾中。2)通过将数据与住宅氡暴露的其他研究汇集在一起，并将观测到的风险估计与根据对铀矿工的研究预测的风险进行对比，为国家估计与氡暴露有关的风险作出贡献。2)探索肺癌的其他危险因素，包括通过与基于地理的数据系统的联系而确定的环境暴露。感兴趣的因素包括颗粒物、空气污染、饮用水中的砷、海拔以及从个人访谈中确定的许多职业、医疗和生活方式因素。3)探讨与住宅氡暴露有关的儿童癌症风险。成就：现已完成数据分析，以评估与住宅氡暴露有关的肺癌和儿童白血病风险。对于肺癌研究，已经创建了统一的数据结构，使我们能够链接复杂的、多层次的数据集。已对住所地址进行地理编码，以促进与家庭中与氡水平有关的因素的地理数据库的联系。还确定了与氡水平有关的住房特征，并评估了处理丢失的暴露数据的方法。尽管氡水平比预测的要低，但我们对感兴趣的暴露时间窗口的覆盖相当好。20%的研究对象在确诊前的25岁到5岁之间有完整的覆盖范围。60%的人在诊断或面谈前有完整的25年至5年的数据。结果表明，在研究的低剂量下，氡对肺癌的总体风险很小，但数据与根据矿工已知影响进行推断的估计一致。已经获得了关于颗粒物空气污染的数据，并制定了一项测绘战略，以估计研究样本中所有房屋的暴露量。地图已经完成，分析已经开始评估这种暴露与肺癌风险之间的联系。将使用类似的方法将住宅与饮用水中砷的信息联系起来。其他分析将侧重于高危亚型和其他肺癌风险因素，如环境烟草烟雾暴露、职业因素、海拔和既往肺部疾病。