权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Long-range UAV operation for volcanic activity monitoring

远程无人机作业用于火山活动监测

基本信息

批准号：
1812578
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1812578
关键词：
Long range UAV operation volcanic

项目摘要

Working alongside Volcanology and Earth Science experts from the University of Bristol, University of Cambridgeand University of Birmingham, this project aims to gather unique data from around and above Fuego Volcano inGuatemala. As a relatively accessible volcano with natural activity on an hourly basis, it is of immense interest tothe scientific community. That said, the regularity and nature of Fuego's activities mean it has neither had its cratersphotographed with visual (or thermal) cameras, or the gases around the crater measured for concentrations/ratios.A small team from the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Bristol are working on a campaign that will takeplace in February 2017 in Guatemala. Based at an Observatory 8km from Fuego's summit, the team aim to coordinatethe flight of several large fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) up to and around the summit ofthe volcano in a Beyond Visual Line Of Sight (BVLOS) Flight mode.The aircraft in question have a 5m wingspan and have been modified from their off-the-shelf configuration in orderto fly pre-programmed missions, collecting a wide range of measurements. During a mission the aircraft areexpected to climb between 2500m and 3500m from take-off, loiter in order to collect distinct data points over aknown time interval, then descend back to the observatory. During the flight they will see a dramatic change in airproperties, including a temperature difference of up to 35 degrees C between the Observatory and the maximum plannedflight altitude.The UAV's power source is Lithium-Polymer (LiPo) batteries, with at least one 8000mAh 6-cell LiPo on-board.This should give an endurance of between 45 minutes and 75 minutes, depending on local conditions andconfiguration. In simulation, the climb up to 3800m (from 1136m at the Observatory) takes around 6 minutes.The challenges involved in this project centre on the safe, reliable and controlled flight of the UAVs, and theircampaign-critical payloads. Based at the Observatory/Ground Station, the team will have three links to the aircraft;a Safety Pilot Link, a Telemetry/Data link, and a First Person View (FPV) Video Link. The aircraft must beconfigured such that it remains fully controllable at a range of >8km, with minimal data losses received at theGround Station. The pre-defined missions must then be executed accurately in order to locate and monitor thevolcanic gas plume, and constant monitoring of the aircraft systems are needed to make sure all systems areoperating well. Contingency plans must be made and executed if contact is lost with any of the critical on-boardsystems.The scientific missions that are the focus of this campaign will also lead into a key research question related to thesafe operation of UAVs in BVLOS regions where the topography varies significantly. Specifically, how can weoperate UAVs in relatively close proximity to the ground while making use of modern sensors, trajectoryoptimizers and control system design? During this campaign, a number of different data types will be collected as abasis for this future research. For example, terrain data and local air movement data will be collected. This willform a basis for an on-board sensor suite which enables the UAV to sense and follow terrain, and to thermal inrising air so as to conserve energy whenever possible.

该项目与来自布里斯托大学、剑桥大学和伯明翰大学的火山学和地球科学专家合作，旨在收集危地马拉火地岛火山周围和上方的独特数据。作为一个相对容易接近的火山，每小时都有自然活动，它对科学界有着巨大的兴趣。也就是说，Fuego活动的规律性和性质意味着它既没有用视觉（或热成像）相机拍摄火山口，也没有测量火山口周围的气体浓度/比率。布里斯托大学工程学院的一个小团队正在进行一项活动，将于2017年2月在危地马拉进行。该团队的基地位于距离火山山顶8公里的一个天文台，他们的目标是协调几架大型固定翼无人机（UAV）以超视距（BVLOS）飞行模式飞到火山山顶及其周围。这架飞机有5米的翼展，并从其现成的配置进行了修改，以便执行预先编程的任务，收集广泛的测量数据。在一次使命中，飞机预计从起飞开始爬升到2500米到3500米之间，在已知的时间间隔内徘徊以收集不同的数据点，然后下降回到观测站。在飞行过程中，他们将看到空气特性的巨大变化，包括天文台和最高计划飞行高度之间高达35摄氏度的温差。无人机的电源是锂聚合物（LiPo）电池，船上至少有一个8000 mAh的6芯LiPo电池。这应该可以提供45分钟到75分钟的续航时间，具体取决于当地条件和配置。在模拟中，爬升到3800米（从天文台的1136米）大约需要6分钟。该项目涉及的挑战主要集中在无人机的安全，可靠和可控飞行，以及它们的关键有效载荷。该团队将在天文台/地面站建立三个与飞机的链接：安全飞行员链接，遥测/数据链接和第一人称视图（FPV）视频链接。飞机必须配置成在> 8 km的范围内保持完全可控，地面站接收到的数据损失最小。预定义的任务必须准确地执行，以便定位和监测火山气体羽流，并且需要对飞机系统进行持续监测，以确保所有系统运行良好。如果与任何关键的机载系统失去联系，必须制定并执行应急计划。作为这项活动重点的科学任务也将导致一个关键的研究问题，该问题与无人机在地形变化很大的超视距区域的安全操作有关。具体来说，我们如何在相对接近地面的情况下操作无人机，同时利用现代传感器、容错优化器和控制系统设计？在此活动期间，将收集一些不同的数据类型作为未来研究的基础。例如，将收集地形数据和当地空运数据。这将成为机载传感器套件的基础，使无人机能够感知和跟踪地形，并加热上升的空气，以便尽可能节省能源。