ECHO SUPPRESSION IN BUDGERIGARS

这项拟议研究的总体目标是继续调查一种小型澳大利亚鹦鹉——鹦鹉（Melopsittacus波动）在复杂环境下的听力，并将这些结果与人类和其他动物的结果进行比较。人们对虎皮鹦鹉的听力已经有了很多了解，这使它们成为抑制回声实验的绝佳物种。虽然它们的声音定位能力并不显著，但它们表现出大量的自由场双耳揭露，最近发现它们在精细结构识别任务中的时间分辨率比人类好得多。本文将采用操作性条件反射和心理声学方法来测量虎牙的回声抑制。在一系列实验中，两个方位角分离的扬声器将各自发出咔哒声。这些声音会被延迟一定的时间，延迟时间会随着每次实验而改变。在两次点击之间的最小延迟，虎皮鹦鹉仍然报告为一次点击，将是优先效应和总和定位测量。回声阈值是两个说话者之间的延迟，在这个延迟时，虎牙会报告两次不同的咔哒声。这些实验帮助我们了解这些小鸟是如何在复杂的自然环境中处理回声的。

The overall goal of the proposed research is to continue the investigation of hearing in complex environments in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), a small Australian parrot, and to compare these results from small birds to those found in humans and other animals. Much is already known about hearing in the budgerigar, which makes them an excellent species to use in experiments on echo suppression. Although their sound localization capabilities are not remarkable, they exhibit a large amount of free-field binaural unmasking and it has recently been discovered that they have much better temporal resolution in fine structure discrimination tasks than humans. Here, operant conditioning and psychoacoustic methods will be used to measure echo suppression in budgerigars. In a series of experiments, two speakers with an azimuthal separation will each present a click. The sounds will be delayed by a set amount, and the delay will change with each experiment. The smallest amount of delay between the two clicks that the budgerigars still report as one click will be the precedence effect and summing localization measurements. The echo threshold is the delay between the two speakers at which the budgerigars report two distinct clicks. These experiments help us understand how these small birds deal with echoes in their complex natural environments.