The process of political, social and economic reintegration of the FARC-EP within Colombian society in the context of the current peace process

哥伦比亚的内战已经持续了50多年。政府最近与哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军(FARC-EP)签署了一项和平协议。该协议的一个关键成果是哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军重新融入社会--在经济、社会和政治方面。虽然其他行为者也将影响结果，但哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军与社会的关系对于了解重返社会将在多大程度上取得成功很重要。目前的和平进程提供了一个独特的研究机会，可以研究一位在战争中具有强烈意识形态动机的主要行动者，在转型的时间点上。本研究的重点是通过分析哥伦比亚革命武装力量--人民军在谈判其与哥伦比亚人民之间不断演变的关系时如何漫无边际地构建其身份，来讨论重返社会问题。拟议的研究创新性地有助于加深对和平和重返社会进程的理解，并使用多阶段、混合方法审查群体一级重返社会的政治、社会和经济领域。这项研究借鉴了和平研究和过渡司法的跨学科领域，融合了政治学、社会学和教育学的各个方面。过渡时期司法的努力往往侧重于解决侵犯人权的行为，而忽视往往会引发冲突的社会和经济层面(Arbour 2007)。同样，关于重返社会的现有研究通常审查政治或社会和经济部分。后者往往在解除武装、复员和重返社会方案中得到解决，而且最常在微观层面上进行研究，而重新融入政治生活则在集团和更广泛的治理结构和政党转型层面得到了很好的构思(S，2013年)。迫切需要一种更综合的办法，在研究冲突后情况时考虑到所有方面。本研究旨在通过对社会和经济因素的综合分析，加深对艾利森(2006年)、S·科瓦奇和哈茨(2016年)等人所确定的重新融入政治生活的条件和因素的理解。其中包括教育(Smith 2013)和社会和解(Clegg 2007)。在方法方面，提出了一个多阶段设计，既有文献又有经验：第一阶段：哥伦比亚革命武装力量-欧洲议会对书面/视觉材料的批判性话语分析；第二阶段：现有舆论数据的量化分析；第三阶段：哥伦比亚人口中不同群体的焦点小组。话语理论考虑不同群体之间的身份、权力和关系问题，所有这些都是本研究的核心。通过使用混合方法，本研究旨在将对经验和进程的分析与更广泛的趋势(Thaler 2015)联系起来，更深入地了解塑造哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军与哥伦比亚公众之间关系的话语进程，以及该团体重新融入社会的可能性，同时将案件置于更广泛的模式中。数据来源如下：和平协议意味着更多地参加哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军未来的年度会议，从中将提供大量材料。媒体来源和哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军的官方网站也将是重要的。在第二阶段，拉丁美洲民意项目是一个可免费获取的年度调查数据集，使人们能够更广泛地了解自2001年以来哥伦比亚革命武装力量--人民军不同分组对政治参与的支持程度。对于焦点小组，我在哥伦比亚各地的教育机构、首都波哥大的不同社区以及首都郊区的流离失所社区都有个人联系，他们通过慈善机构Cigarra接受援助。接触受冲突影响地区的群体将通过非政府组织或国家历史记忆中心进行谈判。

Colombia's civil war has lasted over 50 years. The government has recently signed a peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army (FARC-EP). A key outcome of the agreement is the reintegration of the FARC-EP into society - economically, socially and politically. Although other actors will also influence the outcome, the FARC-EP's relationship with society is important to understanding to what extent reintegration will succeed. The current peace process presents a unique research opportunity to study a principal actor, with strong ideological motivations in the war, at the point of transformation. This study focuses on reintegration through analysing how the FARC-EP discursively constructs its identity in negotiating its evolving relationship with the Colombian people. The proposed research innovatively contributes to the developing understanding of peace and reintegration processes and examines political, social and economic spheres of reintegration at the group level using a multi-phase, mixed methods approach.This study draws on the interdisciplinary fields of peace studies and transitional justice, incorporating aspects of politics, sociology, and education. Transitional justice efforts often focus on addressing violations of human rights, at the expense of social and economic dimensions that are often catalysts to conflict (Arbour 2007). Similarly, existing research on reintegration commonly examines either the political or the social and economic components. The latter is often addressed within disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration programmes and most often researched at a micro-level, whereas political reintegration is well conceptualised at the group and broader levels in terms of governance structures and party transformation (Söderstrom 2013). There is a pressing need for a more integrated approach that considers all dimensions in researching post-conflict contexts. This study aims to build on the understanding of conditions and factors of political reintegration identified by Allison (2006), Söderberg Kovacs and Hatz (2016) and others, through integrating analysis of social and economic elements. These include education (Smith 2013) and societal reconciliation (Clegg 2007).In terms of methodology, a multi-phase design with both documentary and empirical strands is proposed: PHASE 1: critical discourse analysis of written/visual materials by the FARC-EP; PHASE 2: quantitative analysis of existing public opinion data; PHASE 3: focus groups with distinct groups of the Colombian population.Discourse theory considers issues of identity, power and relationships between different groups, all of which lie at the heart of this research. By using a mixed methods approach, this study aims to bridge analysis of experiences and processes with broader trends (Thaler 2015), providing a deeper understanding of the discursive processes that shape the relationship between the FARC-EP and the Colombian public, and the potential reintegration of the group into society, whilst situating the case within broader patterns.Source of data include the following: The peace agreement implies greater access to the FARC-EP's future annual conferences, from which considerable material will be available. Media sources and the FARC-EP's official website will also be important. For Phase 2, the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) is a freely accessible dataset of annual surveys, offering broader insight into the level of support for political participation of the FARC-EP of different subsets since 2001. For focus groups, I have personal contacts within educational institutions across Colombia, different communities within the capital Bogotá, and a displaced community on the outskirts of the capital who receive assistance through a charity, Cigarra. Access to groups within conflict-affected areas would be negotiated through NGOs or the National Centre for Historical Memory (NCHM).