The process of political, social and economic reintegration of the FARC-EP within Colombian society in the context of the current peace process

哥伦比亚的内战已经持续了50多年。政府最近与哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军（FARC-EP）签署了一项和平协议。该协议的一个关键成果是FARC-EP在经济、社会和政治上重新融入社会。虽然其他行动者也会影响结果，但哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军与社会的关系对于理解重返社会的成功程度至关重要。当前的和平进程提供了一个独特的研究机会来研究一个主要的行动者，在战争中有强烈的意识形态动机，在转变的时候。本研究的重点是通过分析哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军如何在与哥伦比亚人民谈判其不断发展的关系时话语建构其身份来重新融入社会。拟议的研究创造性地有助于发展对和平和重返社会进程的了解，并采用多阶段、混合方法的办法在集团一级审查重返社会的政治、社会和经济领域。这项研究借鉴了和平研究和过渡时期司法的跨学科领域，结合了政治、社会学和教育的各个方面。过渡时期司法工作往往侧重于解决侵犯人权的问题，而牺牲了往往是冲突催化剂的社会和经济层面（Arbour 2007）。同样，关于重新融入社会的现有研究通常审查政治或社会和经济组成部分。后者通常在解除武装、复员和重返社会方案中解决，并且通常在微观层面进行研究，而政治重返社会在集团和更广泛的层面上，在治理结构和政党转型方面得到了很好的概念化（Söderstrom 2013）。迫切需要一种更综合的方法，在研究冲突后环境时考虑到所有方面。本研究旨在通过对社会和经济因素的整合分析，在Allison（2006）、Söderberg Kovacs和Hatz（2016）等人确定的政治重新整合的条件和因素的理解的基础上。这些包括教育（Smith 2013）和社会和解（Clegg 2007）。在方法论方面，提出了一个包含文献和经验两方面的多阶段设计：第一阶段：哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军对书面/视觉材料的批判性话语分析；第二阶段：对现有民意数据进行定量分析；第三阶段：针对哥伦比亚人口中不同群体的焦点小组。话语理论考虑了身份、权力和不同群体之间的关系等问题，这些都是本研究的核心。通过使用混合方法，本研究旨在将经验和过程的分析与更广泛的趋势联系起来（Thaler 2015），提供对塑造哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军与哥伦比亚公众之间关系的话语过程的更深入理解，以及该团体重新融入社会的潜在可能性，同时将案例置于更广泛的模式中。数据来源包括以下内容：和平协定意味着有更多机会参加哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军今后的年会，从中可以获得大量材料。媒体来源和哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军的官方网站也很重要。在第二阶段，拉丁美洲民意项目（LAPOP）是一个免费获取的年度调查数据集，为2001年以来不同子集对哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军政治参与的支持程度提供了更广泛的见解。对于焦点小组，我在哥伦比亚各地的教育机构、首都波哥大<e:1>内的不同社区，以及首都郊区一个接受慈善机构Cigarra援助的流离失所社区都有个人联系。进入受冲突影响地区的群体将通过非政府组织或国家历史记忆中心（NCHM）谈判。

Colombia's civil war has lasted over 50 years. The government has recently signed a peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army (FARC-EP). A key outcome of the agreement is the reintegration of the FARC-EP into society - economically, socially and politically. Although other actors will also influence the outcome, the FARC-EP's relationship with society is important to understanding to what extent reintegration will succeed. The current peace process presents a unique research opportunity to study a principal actor, with strong ideological motivations in the war, at the point of transformation. This study focuses on reintegration through analysing how the FARC-EP discursively constructs its identity in negotiating its evolving relationship with the Colombian people. The proposed research innovatively contributes to the developing understanding of peace and reintegration processes and examines political, social and economic spheres of reintegration at the group level using a multi-phase, mixed methods approach.This study draws on the interdisciplinary fields of peace studies and transitional justice, incorporating aspects of politics, sociology, and education. Transitional justice efforts often focus on addressing violations of human rights, at the expense of social and economic dimensions that are often catalysts to conflict (Arbour 2007). Similarly, existing research on reintegration commonly examines either the political or the social and economic components. The latter is often addressed within disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration programmes and most often researched at a micro-level, whereas political reintegration is well conceptualised at the group and broader levels in terms of governance structures and party transformation (Söderstrom 2013). There is a pressing need for a more integrated approach that considers all dimensions in researching post-conflict contexts. This study aims to build on the understanding of conditions and factors of political reintegration identified by Allison (2006), Söderberg Kovacs and Hatz (2016) and others, through integrating analysis of social and economic elements. These include education (Smith 2013) and societal reconciliation (Clegg 2007).In terms of methodology, a multi-phase design with both documentary and empirical strands is proposed: PHASE 1: critical discourse analysis of written/visual materials by the FARC-EP; PHASE 2: quantitative analysis of existing public opinion data; PHASE 3: focus groups with distinct groups of the Colombian population.Discourse theory considers issues of identity, power and relationships between different groups, all of which lie at the heart of this research. By using a mixed methods approach, this study aims to bridge analysis of experiences and processes with broader trends (Thaler 2015), providing a deeper understanding of the discursive processes that shape the relationship between the FARC-EP and the Colombian public, and the potential reintegration of the group into society, whilst situating the case within broader patterns.Source of data include the following: The peace agreement implies greater access to the FARC-EP's future annual conferences, from which considerable material will be available. Media sources and the FARC-EP's official website will also be important. For Phase 2, the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) is a freely accessible dataset of annual surveys, offering broader insight into the level of support for political participation of the FARC-EP of different subsets since 2001. For focus groups, I have personal contacts within educational institutions across Colombia, different communities within the capital Bogotá, and a displaced community on the outskirts of the capital who receive assistance through a charity, Cigarra. Access to groups within conflict-affected areas would be negotiated through NGOs or the National Centre for Historical Memory (NCHM).