Insect Control: Resistance Management and Agricultural Economics

对杀虫剂影响和害虫种群抗药性演变的担忧正在推动新的和可持续的害虫控制工具的发展。农业害虫给农作物造成数十亿美元的损失，而且难以控制，威胁着粮食安全和农民的生计。这一挑战在很大程度上是由于害虫对常规杀虫剂和生物杀虫剂产生抗药性。目前的耐药性管理策略很困难，可用的产品范围有限，合规性差。基因技术使自我限制技术的发展成为可能，[1，2]以抑制害虫种群。为了控制野生害虫，转基因雄性将在作物上释放：与野生雌性交配后，所有雌性后代都会死亡，从而减少种群的规模和繁殖能力。自我限制的雄性释放可能具有额外的抗性管理好处：它们的雄性后代在田间存活会导致杀虫剂敏感基因导入野生种群[3]。这个学生项目将建立在以前使用自我限制技术进行阻力管理的数学模型的基础上[4-7]。在空间显性种群中，自我限制雄性释放对抗性的进化和管理的影响将被调查。这将需要建立种群遗传和种群生态框架。数据将被用来开发适当的成本效益经济模型，将自我限制技术纳入虫害综合管理战略。2000年科学287：2474。2金等人。2013 ACSSynth Biol 2：1603 Harvey-Samuel et al.BMC生物学13：494 Alphey等人。《经济与昆虫报》100：1642。5 Alphey等人。2009年经济昆虫学报第102期：717.6哈克特和邦索尔出版社，2016年《应用生态》53,1391.7沃金森-鲍威尔和阿尔菲·J·西尔。比奥尔。413：72。

Concerns over the impacts of insecticides, and the evolution of resistance in pest populations, are driving development of novel and sustainable pest control tools. Agricultural pests inflict billions of dollars of damage to crops and are difficult to control, threatening food security and farmers' livelihoods. The challenge is, in large part, as result of the pests developing resistance to conventional insecticides and biopesticides. Current resistance management strategies are difficult, with a restricted range of available products and poor compliance. Genetic technology has enabled the development of self-limiting technologies [1,2] to suppress pest populations. For control of wild pest insects, genetically-modified males would be released over the crop: after mating with wild females all female progeny die, reducing the size and reproductive capacity of the population. The self-limiting male releases can have additional resistance management benefits: survival of their male progeny in the field leads to introgression of insecticide-susceptibility genes into the wild population [3]. This studentship project will build on previous mathematical modelling of resistance management using self-limiting technologies [4-7]. The effects of self-limiting male releases on the evolution and management of resistance in spatially explicit populations will be investigated. This will necessitate the development of population genetic and population ecological frameworks. Data will be used to develop appropriate cost-effective economic models for incorporation of self-limiting technologies into integrated pest management strategies.References 1 Thomas et al. 2000 Science 287:2474. 2 Jin et al. 2013 ACS Synth Biol 2:1603 Harvey-Samuel et al. BMC Biology 13:494 Alphey et al. 2007 J Econ Entomol 100:1642. 5 Alphey et al. 2009 J Econ Entomol 102:717.6 Hackett & Bonsall 2016 J Appl Ecol 53, 1391.7 Watkinson-Powell & Alphey J. Theor. Biol. 413:72.