The Salvation Army's overseas settlements and colonies, 1890-1939

救世军的海外定居点和殖民地，1890-1939 年

• 批准号: 1936125
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1936125
• 关键词: Salvation; Army; overseas; settlements; colonies

From the end of the 19th century to WWII, The Salvation Army was a global organisation in two key respects. First, it was the largest voluntary migration society in the British Isles, organising the emigration of 250,000 people from Britain to Canada, New Zealand and Australia. Second, it established land and farm colonies for these migrants, as well as Indigenous and 'native' people, in the white settler colonies and in the USA, Southern Rhodesia, South Africa, and British India.The metropolitan and imperial dimensions of The Salvation Army's work came together in founder William Booth's In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890), a three-stage plan to 'save' the poorest 10% of Britain's population. The plan hinged on their progressive movement from 'City Colony' to 'Farm Colony' and then to the 'Colony Over-Sea'. The City Colony was the term applied to the metropolitan shelters run by The Salvation Army after 1891. The Farm Colony was to engage men in agricultural training and moral rehabilitation so that they would become 'capable, industrious citizens.' The 'Colony Over-Sea' sought to establish closely regulated settlements specifically for the 'submerged tenth', and pathways of migration open to all. Concurrently, the Salvation Army was engaged in the establishment of Indigenous and 'native' farms and colonies, for instance in British India and Southern Rhodesia. There has been some (limited) academic work on The Salvation Army's metropolitan city and farm colonies, but almost no research has been done on either the creation of the 'Colony Over-Sea' or its associated migration. Likewise, though academic work has engaged with some of the Salvation Army's settlements for colonized peoples (notably for so-called 'criminal tribes' in India), there is little or no work on others. This project will fill these significant gaps in the historiography, and present a transformative vision of the connection between poverty and social reform in Britain and its Empire, as well as the nature of imperial governance and governmentality in the colonies.This project will begin with an interdisciplinary literature review, focusing on the economic and social history of Britain, Empire, poverty and welfare, social reform, colonialism, evangelical Christianity, and migration. This will enable me to identify further my own historical interests, as well as key gaps in the historiography.This project is a collaborative studentship with the Salvation Army International Heritage Centre (SAIHC), and so most of the primary research for this project will take place at the archive held within the centre. This project will look at three overseas case studies (which will be chosen after a review of the material available at the SAIHC), and thus to refine the project's key research question and sub-questions. Using the SAIHC, my research will collate sources which include (but not limited to) books, pamphlets, biographies, periodicals, personal papers, territorial records, annual reports, photographs, and yearbooks. In addition, this project will also explore archives in relevant overseas nations (where possible) to get a broader understanding of the socio-economic, imperial, and political landscapes of these nations.

从世纪末到二战，救世军在两个关键方面是一个全球性组织。首先，它是不列颠群岛最大的自愿移民协会，组织了25万人从英国移民到加拿大、新西兰和澳大利亚。其次，它在白色定居者殖民地以及美国、南罗得西亚、南非和英属印度为这些移民以及原住民和“本地”人民建立了土地和农场殖民地。救世军的工作在创始人威廉·布斯的《在最黑暗的英格兰和出路》（1890年）中将大都市和帝国层面结合在一起，一项三阶段计划，旨在“拯救”英国最贫困的10%人口。这一计划取决于他们从“城市殖民地”到“农场殖民地”再到“海外殖民地”的渐进运动。城市殖民地是1891年后救世军经营的大都市收容所的术语。农场殖民地是从事农业培训和道德改造的人，使他们成为“有能力的，勤劳的公民。“海外殖民地”寻求建立严格管制的定居点，专门为“淹没的十分之一”，并向所有人开放移民途径。与此同时，救世军参与建立土著和“土著”农场和殖民地，例如在英属印度和南罗得西亚。关于救世军的大都市和农场殖民地有一些（有限的）学术工作，但几乎没有关于“海外殖民地”或其相关移民的创建的研究。同样，尽管学术工作涉及救世军为殖民地人民（特别是印度所谓的“犯罪部落”）建立的一些定居点，但对其他人的工作很少或根本没有。这个项目将填补这些重大的历史空白，并提出一个变革性的愿景之间的联系，贫困和社会改革在英国和它的帝国，以及帝国治理和governmentality在殖民地的性质。这个项目将开始与跨学科的文献综述，重点是英国的经济和社会历史，帝国，贫困和福利，社会改革，殖民主义，福音派基督教和移民这将使我能够进一步确定我自己的历史兴趣，以及在史学的关键差距。这个项目是与救世军国际遗产中心（SAIHC）合作的学生，因此这个项目的大部分主要研究将在该中心的档案馆进行。该项目将研究三个海外案例研究（将在审查SAIHC提供的材料后选择），从而完善该项目的关键研究问题和子问题。使用SAIHC，我的研究将整理包括（但不限于）书籍，小册子，传记，期刊，个人论文，领土记录，年度报告，照片和年鉴的来源。此外，该项目还将探索相关海外国家的档案（如果可能的话），以更广泛地了解这些国家的社会经济，帝国和政治景观。