Moving beyond 'common sense' understandings of nature and society in the Scottish Highlands

超越对苏格兰高地自然和社会的常识理解：对西罗斯社会自然关系和遗产的研究在学者们的影响下，我将研究苏格兰高地西罗斯遗产和自然社会关系的社会建构。这些学者展示了资本主义下用来掩盖许多社会自然关系现实的神秘化和话语策略。这项研究将分析围绕自然和景观的主导话语和做法，以及作为文化和身份来源的场所的作用(埃斯科瓦尔，2008)。韦斯特·罗斯为遗产、文化、自然和保护的情景历史研究提供了重点，因为该地区目前的研究不足，尽管有丰硕的研究机会。2016年，韦斯特·罗斯被联合国教科文组织授予生物圈保护区地位，这是一项促进可持续人与环境关系的保护荣誉。此外，自战后以来，该地区一直被国家行为者确定为法定保护指定地区，被认为是苏格兰最后的大荒野。这个项目分析了在这一背景下的社会-自然关系，以及与土地改革政策和盖尔语复兴的文化政治有关的。研究问题是：-主导话语如何构成对高地景观的‘常识’理解为‘自然’和‘荒野’？-这些话语以什么方式提供有关土地利用、资源和社会-自然关系的相关政策和实践？--这些是如何协商和争论的？--在这一背景和更远的背景下，对自然遗产保护和社会-自然进程的政策和实践有什么影响？--对社会自然敏感的替代理解，全球范围内以资源为基础的权利和正义问题为未来的方法提供信息？方法论研究方法由超越存在-思维、社会-自然和主体-客体的复制二分法的认识论提供信息。因此认为知识是从智力、情感和参与、感觉和经验以及主观和多元而不是客观和单一中涌现出来的(Jubas，2010)。最重要的是，这意味着认识到“脱离实践，理论徒劳地处理错误的……问题”(Lefebvre，1982：34)。综合社会学、人类学和历史学的批判性认识论，我将发展一种多元化的定性方法论，承认没有单一或优越的理论(斯图尔特，2016)。我将创建一个跨学科的方法框架，为那些在Gramsci和Deleuze和Guattari(Purcell，2012)以及Gramsci、Bourdieu和Polanyi(Burawoy，2003；2012)之间分别制造霸权和非霸权政治生产性紧张的学者提供信息。语篇产生意义并执行归化功能，定义了可接受的实践的参数(Woodward，2001)，而以实践为中心的方法适当地关注了物质存在的条件(Krzyzanowski，2011)。我将分析主要的文献资料，包括文字和视觉资料，主要是通过档案(Am Baile)和田野调查确定的与当地文化和景观有关的历史资源。将在Gairloch进行民族志研究，Gairloch是一个沿海村庄，文化博物馆项目--我们的土地，我们的人民，我们的故事--正在展开。在使用参与者观察(参加理事会、社区和组织会议)和个人访谈的同时，我还将访问周围的人种学背景，包括附近的考古社区、Letterewe庄园、Applecross遗产中心和乌拉普尔博物馆。

Moving beyond 'common sense' understandings of nature and society in the Scottish Highlands: A study of socio-natural relations and heritage in Wester RossInfluenced by scholars who have demonstrated the mystifications and discursive strategies used to hide many of the realities of socio-natural relations under capitalism, I will investigate the social construction of heritage and nature-society relationships in Wester Ross in the Scottish Highlands. The research will analyse dominant discourses and practices surrounding nature and landscapes and the role of place as a source of culture and identity (Escobar, 2008). Wester Ross provides the focus for a situated-historical study of heritage, culture, nature and conservation as the region is currently understudied, despite fruitful opportunities for research. Wester Ross was awarded UNESCO Biosphere Reserve status in 2016, a conservation accolade promoting sustainable human-environment relationships. Furthermore, the region has been consistently identified by national actors since post-war years for statutory conservation designations, deemed the last great wilderness of Scotland. This project analyses socio-natural relations within this context and in relation to land reform policy and the cultural politics of Gaelic language revival.The research questions are:- How do dominant discourses constitute 'common-sense' understandings of Highland landscapes as 'natural' and 'wild'?- In what ways do these discourses inform associated policies and practices surrounding land use, resources and socio-natural relationships?--How are these negotiated and contested?--What are the implications for policy and practice in natural heritage conservation and socio-natural processes in this context and beyond?--Can alternative understandings, sensitive to socio-natures, resource-based rights and justice issues on a global scale inform future approaches?MethodologyThe research methodology is informed by epistemologies which transcend reproduced dichotomies of being-thinking, social-natural and subject-object. Hence considering knowledge as emergent from intellect, emotion and engagement, feeling and experience and subjective and multiple rather than objective and singular (Jubas, 2010). Most importantly, this means recognising that "separated from praxis, theory vainly comes to grips with falsely formulated...problems" (Lefebvre, 1982: 34). Drawing together critical epistemologies from across sociology, anthropology and history, I will develop a pluralistic both/and qualitative methodology which acknowledges there is no singular or superior theory (Stuart, 2016). I will create an interdisciplinary methodological framework informed by scholars who have created productive tension between the hegemonic and non-hegemonic politics of Gramsci and Deleuze and Guattari respectively (Purcell, 2012) and between Gramsci, Bourdieu and Polanyi (Burawoy, 2003; 2012).Integrating theory and practice, I will combine discourse-based methods with ethnography. Discourses produce meaning and perform a naturalizing function, defining the parameters of acceptable practices (Woodward, 2001) and practice-focused methods give due attention to material conditions of existence (Krzyzanowski, 2011). I will analyse key documentary materials including texts and visual materials, predominantly historical resources relating to local cultures and landscapes, identified through archives (Am Baile) and fieldwork. Ethnographic research will be carried out in Gairloch; a coastal village where the heritage museum project 'Our Land, Our People, Our Story' is unfolding. Whilst using participant observations (attending councils, community and organisations' meetings) and individual interviews, I will also access surrounding ethnographic contexts, including nearby crofting communities, Letterewe Estate, Applecross Heritage Centre and Ullapool Museum.