DENORMALIZING SMOKING VIA POLICY AND MEDIA INTERVENTIONS

这个为期四年的项目旨在调查马萨诸塞州烟草控制方案（MTCP）正在使用的三种主要公共卫生干预措施的有效性：地方清洁室内空气政策、限制青少年获得烟草产品的地方政策和电视反烟草媒体运动。数据将来自两个来源：1)2000年对马萨诸塞州12至17岁的成年人和青少年进行的以人口为基础的电话调查，以及两年后对所有青少年受访者和2000年吸烟的成年受访者进行的纵向随访调查；2)镇一级的数据主要来自MTCP管理信息系统，该系统是1993年国家烟草税资助的地方项目运营数据的中央存储库。乡镇层面的数据将根据被调查者居住的城镇与个人调查数据相关联。本研究将探讨本地洁净室内空气条例和青少年接触条例的力度、持续时间和执行情况的变化对青少年和成人吸烟行为变化的预期影响，以评估这些政策对预防吸烟和促进戒烟的贡献。根据受访者的电视观看模式和对特定广告的回忆，通过评估他们对反烟草媒体运动的接触，本研究将前瞻性地评估媒体接触对青少年和成人吸烟的影响。这项研究将有助于确定这些干预措施产生效果的潜在机制。此外，它将有助于了解如何设计有效的电视反广告，通过评估对特定广告的反应，这些广告在信息和引起的情绪的价值和水平上各不相同。最后，本研究将通过评价音频-计算机辅助电话访谈（T-ACASI）是否在电话调查中改善青年吸烟行为的报告，有助于改进以人口为基础的样本中评估青少年吸烟的方法。该项目的长期目标是就设计和评估烟草控制干预措施的最有效方法向各州和社区提供指导。

This four-year project is designed to investigate the effectiveness of three major types of public health interventions being used by the Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program (MTCP): local clean indoor air policies, local policies to restrict youth access to tobacco products and televised anti- tobacco media campaigns. The data will come from two sources: l) a population-based telephone survey of Massachusetts adults and youth ages 12 to l7 in the year 2000 and a longitudinal follow-up survey two years later of all youth respondents and all adult respondents who were smokers in the year 2000; and 2) town-level data drawn primarily from the MTCP management information system, the central repository of operating data concerning the local programs funded by the state's 1993 tobacco tax. The town-level data will be linked to individual survey data based on the respondent's town of residence. By examining the prospective effect of variation in strength, duration and enforcement of local clean indoor air ordinances and youth access ordinances on changes in the smoking behavior of youth and adults, the research will assess the contribution of these policies to the prevention of smoking initiation and the promotion of smoking cessation. By evaluating respondents' exposure to the antitobacco media campaign based on their television viewing patterns and recall of specific advertisements, the research will assess prospectively the impact of media exposure on youth and adult smoking. The research will help to identify potential mechanisms for the effect of these interventions. In addition, it will contribute to knowledge of how to design effective television counter-advertisements by assessing reactions to specific ads which vary in message and in valence and level of emotion aroused. Finally, the research will contribute to improving the methodology for assessing youth smoking in population-based samples by evaluating whether audio-computer-assisted telephone interviewing (T-ACASI) improves the reporting of smoking behavior by youth in telephone surveys. The long term objective of this project is to provide guidance to states and communities on the most effective ways to design and evaluate tobacco control interventions.