Alcohol & HIV/AIDS Risk-Taking

酒精

• 批准号: 6533716
• 负责人: WILLIAM H GEORGE
• 金额: $ 37.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-26 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6533716
• 关键词: HIV infections; alcoholic beverage consumption; arousal; behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; decision making; disease /disorder proneness /risk; gender difference; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; judgment; psychological models; safe sex /sex abstinence; sex behavior; sexually transmitted diseases; substance abuse related behavior; young adult human (21-34)

(Revised) DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol has emerged as a critical cofactor in HIV infection. Yet we still lack an understanding of how in-the-moment forces - such as acute intoxication - affect a person's decision to engage in risky behaviors. Our long-term goal is to illuminate the role played by intoxication in decision-making related to infectious diseases. Perhaps there exist heretofore-uninvestigated biphasic effects that would clarify paradoxical evidence of alcohol-induced suppression and associated outcomes. Such consideration may expand our understanding of alcohol and risky outcomes. The specific aims are (1) to examine the linkages among alcohol and risky behavior; (2) to evaluate the viability of the alcohol myopia model for explaining postdrinking attitudes and behavior; (3) to investigate alcohol impairment of behavior control; and (4) to expand the currently scant fund of experimental data about women after drinking by evaluating for systematic gender differences in these relationships for intoxication and risky behavior. To address these aims, six controlled laboratory experiments are planned systematically manipulating alcohol (alcohol, none), BAC limb (ascending, descending), dosage (moderate, high), behavioral activation (maximize, none, suppress), and conflict (high, low). The sample will be elevated-risk, unmarried men and women attending urban university campuses and/or residing in urban census tracts. The overarching hypothesis is that alcohol impairs the capacity to inhibit behavior and that it directly and indirectly (through its impairment of inhibition) impairs the capacity to inhibit risk-taking. Alcohol should interact with limb such that ascending exceeds descending impact and should interact such that alcohol fosters riskier outcomes under high conflict. In concert with personality and other factors, the data may inform key knowledge gaps, advance theory, and foster refinement of existing prevention approaches and formulation of new ones.

（修改） 描述（由申请人提供）：酒精已成为HIV感染中的关键辅助因子。 然而，我们仍然缺乏对静力的力量（例如急性中毒）如何影响一个人从事风险行为的决定。 我们的长期目标是阐明与传染病有关的决策中涉及的作用。 也许迄今为止存在毫无疑问的双相作用，这将阐明酒精引起的抑制和相关结果的矛盾证据。 这种考虑可能会扩大我们对酒精和风险结果的理解。 具体目的是（1）检查酒精和危险行为之间的联系； （2）评估酒精近视模型的生存能力，以解释后饮食的态度和行为； （3）研究行为控制的酒精损害； （4）通过评估这些关系中的系统性别差异，以扩大目前有关女性的实验数据基金，以实现中毒和危险行为。 为了解决这些目的，有六个受控实验室实验是系统地操纵酒精（酒精，无），BAC肢体（上升，下降），剂量（中度，高），行为激活（最大化，无，抑制）和冲突（高，低）的。 该样本将是升高风险，未婚男女，参加城市大学校园和/或居住在城市人口普查区。 总体假设是，酒精会损害抑制行为的能力，并且直接和间接（通过抑制作用损害）会损害抑制冒险的能力。 酒精应与肢体相互作用，以使上升超过下降的影响，并应相互作用，以使酒精在高冲突下促进风险更大的结果。 与个性和其他因素一致，数据可能会为关键知识差距，提前理论以及促进现有预防方法的改进和新表述。