The new political divides in British politics

全球经济发展的动态意味着许多国家正在经历不平衡的发展，其公民日益分化为能够获得高技能工作的人和无法获得高技能工作的人。因此，一些市民生活在经济增长的城市地区，而另一些则生活在相对衰退的地区。在这些过程中，出现了分歧双方独特的政治、社会和文化观点（Jennings and Stoker 2016）。在“国际化”地区，人们的态度更倾向于社会自由、亲欧盟和面向未来，而在沿海地区和后工业化地区，人们对移民和欧盟的态度更可能是消极的，更倾向于怀旧。这些地方被认为是“落后”的地方，也是许多学术和公共辩论的主题（例如，Cliffe, 2014; 2015; 2016； Ford和Goodwin, 2014； Evans和Mellon, 2015； Goodwin和Heath， 2016）。欧盟公投“明确”了这种新的政治分歧（BES 2016），但其起源可以追溯到公众舆论和公共政策的长期趋势，以及它们之间的相互关系。该项目将探讨英国社会和经济发展与公众态度之间的长期关系，以及身份政治和“文化反弹”的广泛出现。它将特别关注地点和背景在塑造社会态度方面的作用-试图理解这如何导致不同地区之间态度的两极分化。

A dynamic of global economic development means that many countries are experiencing uneven development and their citizens are increasingly split between those who can access high-skill jobs and those who cannot. As a result some citizens are living in urban areas of growth and others in areas of relative decline. There are emerging out of these processes distinctive political, social, and cultural outlooks on the two sides of the divide (Jennings and Stoker 2016). In "cosmopolitan" areas, people hold attitudes that are more socially liberal, pro-EU and future-oriented, whereas in regional coastal and post-industrial areas attitudes are more likely to be negative about immigration and the EU, and prone to embracing nostalgia. These are the places said to be "left behind" and the subject of much academic and public debate (e.g. Cliffe, 2014; 2015; 2016; Ford and Goodwin, 2014; Evans and Mellon, 2015; Goodwin and Heath, 2016). The EU referendum "crystallised" this new political cleavage (BES 2016) yet its origins can be traced to long-term trends in both public opinion and public policy - and their interrelation. This project will explore the long-term relationship between social and economic development and public attitudes in Britain, alongside the wider emergence of identity politics and 'cultural backlash'. It will specifically focus on the role of place, and context, in shaping social attitudes - seeking to understand how this contributes to the polarisation of attitudes between different areas.