Smoking During Pregnancy and Breast Cancer

描述（由申请人提供）： 虽然吸烟与几种癌症的病因有关， 吸烟和乳腺癌之间的关系仍不清楚。一个女人的 第一次怀孕代表了乳腺细胞快速生长的时期， 因此，一个时期的脆弱性的影响， 吸烟或其他暴露。在怀孕期间，烟草诱变剂和免费 吸烟引起的自由基形成可能会影响快速生长的乳房组织 或与升高的雌激素协同作用以增加乳腺癌风险。 因为乳腺组织在第一次怀孕时分化程度较低， 它可能比随后的怀孕更容易发生突变。 拟议的以人群为基础的病例对照研究将利用相关的生命统计学方法， 统计-癌症登记数据，以检验假设，香烟 第一次怀孕期间吸烟与患乳腺癌的风险有关。的 本研究的具体目的是：1）测量乳腺癌的风险 与第一次怀孕期间吸烟相关的相对于不吸烟 在第一次怀孕期间，和2）评估可能的差异， 初孕吸烟与乳腺癌的关系 雌激素受体状态研究还将尽可能评估 平均吸烟量与吸烟量之间可能存在的剂量反应关系 首次怀孕期间每天吸烟与乳腺癌风险之间的关系， 在第一次怀孕期间吸烟与 受试者特征（如当时的产次）和乳腺癌风险 诊断和怀孕前的体重。这项研究将是第一个 检查第一次怀孕期间吸烟和乳腺癌风险。的 澄清首次怀孕期间吸烟对乳腺癌的作用 发展将有助于理解乳腺癌的复杂病因， 并可能确定一种特定的预防策略，以帮助减少乳腺癌 发病率。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although cigarette smoking has been linked to the etiology of several cancers, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer remains unclear. A woman's first pregnancy represents a period of rapid breast cell growth and differentiation and thus, a period of vulnerability to the influences of smoking or other exposures. During pregnancy, tobacco mutagens and free radical formation caused by smoking may affect rapidly growing breast tissue or act synergistically with elevated estrogens to increase breast cancer risk. Because breast tissue is less differentiated at the onset of first pregnancy, it may be more susceptible to mutagenesis than in subsequent pregnancies. The proposed population-based case-control study will utilize linked vital statistics - cancer registry data to test the hypothesis that cigarette smoking during first pregnancy is related to the risk of breast cancer. The specific aims of this study are to: 1)measure the risk of breast cancer associated with smoking during a first pregnancy relative to not smoking during the first pregnancy, and 2)evaluate possible differences in the relation between smoking during first pregnancy and breast cancer by tumor estrogen receptor status. To the extent possible, the study will also evaluate a possible dose response relation between the average number of cigarettes smoked per day during first pregnancy and breast cancer risk, and measure possible differences in the relation between smoking during first pregnancy and breast cancer risk by subject characteristics such as parity at the time of diagnosis and pre-pregnancy weight. This study will be among the first to examine smoking during first pregnancy and breast cancer risk. The clarification of the role of smoking during first pregnancy in breast cancer development will aid in understanding the complex etiology of breast cancer, and may identify a specific preventive strategy to help reduce breast cancer incidence.