The socio-economic complexity of gift-giving and philanthropy through innovations in tourism in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

拟议的研究题目是“撒哈拉以南非洲旅游业创新中的礼品赠送和慈善活动的社会经济复杂性"。在低收入国家，与旅游有关的送礼，在这里被称为“旅游慈善”，代表了一种全球趋势，包括私人慈善家前往非洲，直接或通过旅游企业向当地接受者赠送可疑的礼物。通过旅游赠送礼物的意义、重要性和影响的证据非常有限，预期“受益者”的观点也是高度投机性的。对这一活动的研究将有助于更广泛的关于援助依赖性的社会科学辩论，以及围绕联合国可持续发展目标的学术和政策讨论。这项多利益相关者的研究是及时的，在解决关键知识的差距，礼品赠送/接受的参与和他们的关系，旅游业务管理实践和创新在撒哈拉以南非洲。作为一个研究不足的概念，旅游慈善事业最初将由来自商业创新，旅游管理和人类学的理论框架。一个定性的方法，包括参与性研究当地人民之间的“援助链”，将提供第一个经验为基础的分类法和全面分析的“影响”的有形形式的礼物给边缘化社区和过程，塑造礼物赠送的做法。一个建构主义的方法将采取调查和归纳分析将允许theorisations被塑造。本研究将采用分析和民族志方法，包括视觉和叙事方法，以及半结构化访谈和价值链分析。通过对2-3个SSA案例研究地点的调查，将产生目前缺乏的比较证据

The proposed research title is "The socio-economic complexity of gift-giving and philanthropy throughinnovations in tourism in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)". Tourism-related gift-giving in low income countries, referredto here as 'travel philanthropy', represents a global trend including private philanthropists travelling to Africaand engaging in questionable gift-giving practices directly to local recipients or via tourism businesses. There ishowever limited evidence about the meaning, significance and impact of gift-giving through tourism, and theperspectives of intended 'beneficiaries' are highly speculative. A study of this activity will contribute to widersocial science debates about aid dependency, and academic and policy discourses around the UN SustainableDevelopment Goals. This multi-stakeholder research is timely in addressing gaps in critical knowledge on giftgiving/receiving engagements and their relationships to tourism business management practices andinnovations in SSA. As an under-researched concept, travel philanthropy will initially be framed by theoriesdrawn from business innovation, tourism management and anthropology. A qualitative methodology, includingparticipatory research amongst local people in the 'aid chain', will offer the first empirically grounded taxonomyand comprehensive analysis of the 'impacts' of tangible forms of gift-giving on marginalised communities andthe processes that shape gift giving practices. A constructivist approach will be taken to the inquiry and aninductive analysis will allow theorisations to be shaped. Participatory and ethnographic methods, includingvisual and narrative methods, alongside semi-structured interviews and value chain analysis will be employed.An investigation across 2-3 SSA case study locations will produce comparative evidence that is currently lacking