The mitigation of primary blast injury: development of energy and weight efficient systems

减轻初级爆炸伤害：开发节能和重量有效的系统

• 批准号: 2012772
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2012772
• 关键词: mitigation; primary; blast; injury; development

The literature related to injuries from blast weapons, in both military and terrorist scenarios, indicate the extensive incidence of a range of injuries, from Blast Lung to Bowel and other soft tissue damage. In particular, clinical reports from Israel, indicate the uniqueness and significant mortality from lung and bowel injury from blast. These are often associated with a range of added complications due to infection from widespread tearing of tissues.The increased incidence of Primary blast injury was the major driver for the formation of CBIS. Progress has been made on the understanding of the limits of the human body with respect to the forces and duration of blast in areas of Blast Lung.A logical extension is to reduce the incidence of such forms of blast injury in the first instance. This project is to directly address the area of blast mitigation. Reduction of the initial blast insult is obviously and widely reported as a clear method of increasing survivability. However, while many body armour systems function well against ballistic threats, research indicated that such body armour may also increase the risk of injury due to the larger cross section presented to the blast wind.When faced with the blast and associated kinetic energy a number of factors have to be considered (i) the ability to absorb energy in crumple zones (ii) the ability to redirect that energy (iii) the level of energy that can be safely transmitted with limited injury (iv) the weight, bulk and ease of use of such solutions in the military and civilian spheres.This project builds on the research initiated by Thuy-Tien Ngoc Nguyen into the reduction of (a) pressure levels (b) impulse delivered and (c) sharpness of loading. This has been investigated using assemblies of perforated plates, varying the open area of the plate and the spacing of the plates. Parallel research has been undertaken to study the effects of granular materials with varying amounts of oils and water present as well as In all cases it was clear that the pressure level and the loading rate can be reduced in a systematic fashion. An exciting area is in the use of functionally graded foam structures which can modify the response according to the loading regime. A basis for producing and studying such systems has been developed within Imperial (ISP and partners).There is a strong clinical linkage in this project to ensure that the mitigation concepts developed reduce the injury seen by clinicians and are practical for use in field operations. The project will investigate the concepts of blast mitigation both items of clothing, body armour as well as the interiors of vehicles and buildings. The supervisors of this project have significant experience in the fundamental science of mitigation systems and in the clinical environment.

有关爆炸武器伤害的文献，在军事和恐怖场景中，表明广泛的伤害发生率，从爆炸肺到肠和其他软组织损伤。特别是，来自以色列的临床报告表明，爆炸引起的肺和肠损伤的独特性和显著死亡率。这些通常与广泛的组织撕裂感染引起的一系列附加并发症有关。原发性爆炸损伤发生率的增加是CBIS形成的主要驱动因素。在了解人体在爆炸肺区域的爆炸力和持续时间方面的极限方面取得了进展。一个合乎逻辑的延伸是首先减少这类爆炸伤害的发生率。本项目直接针对爆破缓解领域。减少初始爆炸损伤是一种明显且广泛报道的提高生存能力的明确方法。然而，虽然许多防弹衣系统能够很好地抵御弹道威胁，但研究表明，这种防弹衣也可能增加受伤的风险，因为它在冲击波中呈现出更大的横截面。当面对爆炸和相关的动能时，必须考虑许多因素(i)在褶皱区吸收能量的能力（ii）重新定向能量的能力（iii）可以在有限伤害的情况下安全传输的能量水平（iv）这种解决方案在军事和民用领域的重量、体积和易用性。该项目建立在Thuy-Tien Ngoc Nguyen发起的研究的基础上，该研究旨在降低(a)压力水平(b)传递的冲量和(c)加载的锐度。这已经研究了使用穿孔板的组件，改变板的开放面积和板的间距。同时也进行了类似的研究，以研究颗粒材料在不同数量的油和水的影响，以及在所有情况下，很明显，压力水平和加载速率可以以系统的方式降低。一个令人兴奋的领域是使用功能分级泡沫结构，它可以根据加载状态修改响应。帝国理工学院（ISP和合作伙伴）已经开发了生产和研究此类系统的基础。该项目与临床有着密切的联系，以确保制定的减轻概念减少临床医生所看到的伤害，并切实适用于实地行动。该项目将研究服装、防弹衣以及车辆和建筑物内部的防爆概念。该项目的主管在缓解系统的基础科学和临床环境方面具有丰富的经验。