Understanding the influence of people and households on the patterns of internal temperature, gas and electricity demand.

了解人和家庭对内部温度、燃气和电力需求模式的影响。

• 批准号: 2019987
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Loughborough University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2019987
• 关键词: Understanding; influence; people; households; patterns

The 2008 climate change act along with government targets on fuel poverty and energy efficiency have made it crucial to monitor and analyse energy demand and internal wintertime temperatures in English households. Past energy monitoring studies have identified vast differences in internal wintertime temperatures [1] and electricity consumption [2] of households, even when dwellings are near identical [3]. This study seeks to understand the groups of occupants and dwellings that consume significantly more energy, where they use it, and how their energy consumption has changed in recent years. Specific habits of groups will also be explored, for instance, whether occupants living in low-temperature dwellings are comfortable and whether these dwellings have a warmer room. As well as investigating the extent to which groups heat the dwelling when it's unoccupied. The project will have a particular emphasis on the 2.5million fuel poor households in England. These are households who would fall below the poverty line, were they to have; a warm, well-lit home, with hot water for everyday use, and the running of appliances. There are severe consequences to leaving people in fuel poverty, with the connection to a higher risk of cardio-respiratory illness. Therefore, additional investigations assessing how fuel poverty is measured, the factors that influence it, and the trade-offs different fuel poor groups make and why will be evaluated. To thoroughly investigate these matters, the latest energy monitoring dataset will be utilised, namely the 2018 Energy Follow-Up Survey. The 2018 EFUS is currently being carried out by the BRE and is expected to consist of 2,633 households undergoing a detailed interview, with current estimates of 1,000 households having temperature monitoring at 30min intervals, 500 electricity monitoring at 2sec intervals and 300 gas logging at 30min intervals; all for the period from September 2017 to April 2019. The 2011 EFUS will also be used to provide time series analysis based on the temperature and electricity datasets.The main tasks include: -An investigation into fuel poverty; comparing the fuel poverty definitions, establishing the socio-economic and dwelling groups most at risk to fuel poverty and seeking to understand what causes households' fuel poverty status to change. -Development and calculation of metrics that describe the magnitude and patterns of energy demand and temperature in each home for both the 2011 and EFUS 2018; giving the absolute and normalised values; by house size and weather; etc. -Analysis, to detect any significant relationships between the physical metrics and the socio-economic and dwelling metrics and combinations thereof; for both the 2011 and 2018 EFUS. -To conduct analyses of suitably normalised data, to explore how the energy-related status of homes has changed over time.-An investigation into whether occupants living in low-temperature dwellings are comfortable and if they have a warmer room or area in the dwelling.The research will increase knowledge of the influence of people and households on the patterns of internal temperature, gas and electricity demand; with results and conclusions being scalable to the national level. The insights gained will assist energy policy formulation, fuel poverty alleviation measures, the design of new controls and heating systems, improved stock modelling accuracy, and evidence about the health of English households. In particular, to the author's knowledge, this will be the first research to investigate fuel poverty on a group by group basis using measured temperature and electricity data. Additionally, with this analysis being carried in a time series manner it's possible to establish if the gap between fuel poor and non-fuel poor groups is widening.

2008 年气候变化法案以及政府关于燃料贫困和能源效率的目标使得监测和分析英国家庭的能源需求和冬季室内温度变得至关重要。过去的能源监测研究已经发现，即使住宅几乎相同 [3]，冬季内部温度 [1] 和家庭用电量 [2] 也存在巨大差异。本研究旨在了解消耗大量能源的居住者和住宅群体、他们在哪里使用能源以及近年来他们的能源消耗发生了怎样的变化。还将探讨群体的具体习惯，例如居住在低温住宅中的居住者是否舒适以及这些住宅是否有温暖的房间。以及调查当住宅无人居住时，团体为住宅供暖的程度。该项目将特别关注英格兰 250 万个缺乏燃料的家庭。这些家庭如果有的话，就会跌入贫困线以下；一个温暖、光线充足的家，有日常使用的热水和运行的电器。让人们陷入燃料匮乏会带来严重后果，并导致心肺疾病的风险增加。因此，将评估如何衡量燃料贫困、影响燃料贫困的因素以及不同燃料贫困群体所做的权衡及其原因的额外调查。为了彻底调查这些问题，将利用最新的能源监测数据集，即2018年能源跟踪调查。 2018年EFUS目前由BRE进行，预计将包括2,633户家庭进行详细访谈，目前估计有1,000户家庭每30分钟进行一次温度监测，500次每2秒一次电力监测，300次每30分钟一次气测；全部时间为2017年9月至2019年4月。2011年EFUS还将用于提供基于温度和电力数据集的时间序列分析。主要任务包括： -调查燃料贫困；比较燃料贫困的定义，确定最有可能发生燃料贫困的社会经济和居住群体，并寻求了解导致家庭燃料贫困状况发生变化的原因。 -制定和计算描述 2011 年和 EFUS 2018 年每个家庭能源需求和温度的大小和模式的指标；给出绝对值和标准化值；根据房屋大小和天气； - 分析，以检测物理指标与社会经济和居住指标及其组合之间的任何重要关系；适用于 2011 年和 2018 年 EFUS。 -对适当标准化的数据进行分析，探索家庭能源相关状况如何随时间变化。-调查居住在低温住宅中的居住者是否舒适，以及住宅内是否有较温暖的房间或区域。该研究将增加人们和家庭对内部温度、燃气和电力需求模式影响的了解；结果和结论可推广到国家层面。获得的见解将有助于能源政策的制定、燃料扶贫措施、新控制和供暖系统的设计、提高库存模型的准确性以及有关英国家庭健康状况的证据。特别是，据作者所知，这将是第一项利用测量的温度和电力数据逐组调查燃料匮乏的研究。此外，通过以时间序列方式进行这种分析，可以确定燃料匮乏群体和非燃料匮乏群体之间的差距是否正在扩大。