CV RISK REDUCTION IN MINORITY PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

心血管疾病在美国是主要的死亡原因，它源于童年时期导致心血管疾病风险增加的行为。Healthy Start试验(1995-1998年减少少数族裔学龄前儿童的心血管风险)正在测试营养干预措施(改变食品服务和学龄前营养课程)对在纽约州北部Head Start中心就读的学龄前儿童(3-5岁)血液胆固醇和饮食的有效性。初步结果表明，结果是有利的，对血液胆固醇、饮食和菜单内容(总脂肪和饱和脂肪中能量的百分比)有显著影响。续集建议将健康开始队列的测量延长至8岁。这项研究将检验与a)长期干预效果(血液胆固醇、饮食总量和饱和脂肪、营养知识)有关的假设；b)跟踪3至8岁的血脂、血压、肥胖和生长速度；c)学龄前儿童吸烟的意图、父母吸烟和小学早期实验；以及d)参与Head Start中心的营养干预活动的长期维持。研究队列由1786名儿童组成，他们完成了一到两年的学前干预。这群人是低收入者，42%是黑人，31%是西班牙裔，23%是白人，4%是其他人。在继续进行期间，将采用统一的测量方法，以确保与学龄前阶段收集的数据具有可比性。这些测量将包括：a)血脂；b)血压和静息心率；c)身高和体重；d)三头肌、肩峰下和髂上皮褶厚度；e)腰围和臀围；f)健康和营养知识、态度和自我报告的行为问卷(包括吸烟)；g)24小时饮食回忆，h)心血管疾病家族史。

Cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, has roots in childhood with the establishment of behaviors which lead to increased CVD risk. The Healthy Start Trial (Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Minority Preschool Children, 1995-1998) is testing the effectiveness of nutrition interventions (food service change and a preschool nutrition curriculum) on blood cholesterol and diet among preschool children (age 3-5 years) attending Head Start Centers in upstate New York. Preliminary results indicate that the results are favorable, with significant effects on blood cholesterol, diet and menu content (percent energy from total and saturated fat). The continuation proposes to extend measurement of the Healthy Start Cohort through 8 years of age. The study will examine hypotheses related to a) long term intervention effects (blood cholesterol, dietary total and saturated fat, nutrition knowledge); b) tracking of lipids, blood pressure, obesity, and growth velocity from age 3 to 8; c) preschool intentions to smoke cigarettes, parental smoking, and early experimentation in elementary school; and d) long term maintenance of nutrition intervention activities in participating Head Start Centers. The study cohort consists of 1786 children who completed one or two full years of preschool intervention. The cohort is low income, 42 percent Black, 31 percent Hispanic, 23 percent White, 4 percent other. Uniform measurement methods will be employed during the continuation to assure comparability with data collection during the preschool period. These measures will include: a) blood lipids; b) blood pressure and resting heart rate; c) height and weight; d) triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold measurements; e) waist and hip circumference; f) health and nutrition knowledge, attitude and self-reported behavior questionnaire (including smoking); g) 24-hour dietary recall, h) family history of CVD.