Using physiology to improve the health and sustainability of cleaner fish (lumpfish) production

利用生理学改善清洁鱼（块鱼）生产的健康和可持续性

• 批准号: 2071339
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2071339
• 关键词: Using; physiology; improve; health; sustainability

Atlantic salmon production presents the gold-standard for the technological advancement of aquaculture, and its value both globally and nationally is significant (£733M p.a. in the UK). Nevertheless, this industry still has issues, with the effective control of sea-lice being a major challenge. By using other species of "cleaner fish" which feed on lice from salmon held within sea cages, the industry limits the use of physical/chemical treatments that have negative side-effects or environmental impacts. Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) have a big advantage as they are effective at sea-lice removal at low temperatures, unlike other cleaner fish species. Commercial production of lumpfish for salmon farms has therefore grown from a few thousands of fish in 2010 to >30 million in 2016. However, lumpfish production needs to a) grow further to meet demand, and b) move from capturing wild broodstock to sustainable production by closing the complete lumpfish life-cycle within aquaculture. However, the environmental requirements and welfare needs of lumpfish are not yet clear, so fundamental research into their physiological and behavioural responses to aquaculture conditions at all life stages is vital. All intensive aquaculture is associated with elevated CO2 but this has only recently been recognised as a key welfare and productivity concern across the aquaculture sector. Recent research has shown that high CO2can reduce fish growth, impair sensory-related behaviour, cognitive function and learning, and cause anxiety in fish. There is also evidence of impaired immune function in marine shellfish under high CO2 conditions. Land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are highly efficient in terms of water use, and offer greatly improved biosecurity. However, CO2 levels are highest in RAS, and the processes used to manage these CO2 levels often produce other changes in water chemistry (e.g. alkalinity and calcium levels) that are non-ideal for fish health and vital physiological functions such as ion and water balance, and acid-base regulation. This PhD aims to address the knowledge gap regarding the sustainable production of lumpfish by assessing how elevated CO2 and other aspects of water chemistry influence their physiology (metabolism, ion/acid-base regulation, feeding, and growth) and behaviour (particularly indicators of stress and welfare). The laboratories of Wilson and Ellis (Exeter) provide ideal expertise for in vivo physiological approaches, precision water chemistry control systems, and behaviour analysis. The CASE partner Ocean Matters Ltd., are the largest producer of lumpfish in the UK, and provide excellent expertise from running the largets marine RAS in Europe.

大西洋鲑鱼生产是水产养殖技术进步的黄金标准，其在全球和国家的价值都很大（每年7.33亿英镑）。在英国）。然而，这个行业仍然存在问题，有效控制海虱是一个重大挑战。通过使用其他种类的“清洁鱼”，这些鱼以海笼中鲑鱼的虱子为食，该行业限制了具有负面副作用或环境影响的物理/化学处理的使用。圆鳍鱼（Cyclopterus lumpus）有一个很大的优势，因为它们在低温下可以有效地去除海虱，不像其他清洁鱼类。因此，鲑鱼养殖场的块状鱼商业生产从2010年的几千条增长到2016年的3000多万条。然而，块状鱼生产需要a）进一步增长以满足需求，以及B）通过关闭水产养殖中的完整块状鱼生命周期，从捕获野生亲鱼转向可持续生产。然而，圆鳞鱼的环境要求和福利需求尚不清楚，因此对其在所有生命阶段对水产养殖条件的生理和行为反应进行基础研究至关重要。所有集约化水产养殖都与二氧化碳浓度升高有关，但直到最近才被认为是整个水产养殖部门的关键福利和生产力问题。最近的研究表明，高二氧化碳会减少鱼类的生长，损害与感官相关的行为，认知功能和学习，并导致鱼类焦虑。还有证据表明，海洋贝类在高二氧化碳条件下免疫功能受损。陆基循环水产养殖系统（RAS）在用水方面效率很高，并大大提高了生物安全性。然而，RAS中的CO2水平最高，用于管理这些CO2水平的过程通常会产生水化学的其他变化（例如碱度和钙水平），这些变化对鱼类健康和重要的生理功能（如离子和水平衡）以及酸碱调节是不理想的。该博士旨在通过评估CO2升高和水化学的其他方面如何影响其生理学（代谢，离子/酸碱调节，喂养和生长）和行为（特别是压力和福利指标）来解决有关圆鱼可持续生产的知识差距。Wilson和Ellis（埃克塞特）实验室为体内生理方法、精密水化学控制系统和行为分析提供理想的专业知识。CASE的合作伙伴Ocean Matters Ltd.，是英国最大的圆鱼生产商，并提供卓越的专业知识，从运行最大的海洋RAS在欧洲。