Mental Processes During Conversation

谈话期间的心理过程

• 批准号: 6538657
• 负责人: BOAZ KEYSAR
• 金额: $ 27.28万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-07-13 至 2006-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6538657
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; belief; clinical research; communication behavior; human subject; language; mental process; neural information processing; social perception; social psychology

The goal of the research is to discover the mental mechanisms that allow people to communicate with language. The proposed experiments will use an eyetracking devise to investigate the way people take the other's perspective during conversation. The experiments will test a new theory: The Adaptive Language Use theory. The theory assumes that perspective information is used in conversation as function of the diagnosticity of perspective, and that language users adapt to structures in the environment that affect this diagnosticity. So if the diagnosticity of perspective changes over time, the theory predicts that conversants will adapt their use of perspective accordingly. The experiments will use a relatively novel methodology to investigate mental processes on-line during a real conversation. This would allow the application of the results to real life conversations in a variety of social settings. The proposed studies promise to have important societal and health implications. Understanding the mental mechanisms of linguistic communication and the conditions for their success and failure could be relevant to models of coordination of action such as "game theory," which is studied in a variety of the social sciences, from economics to international relations. In order to coordinate action, then, people can signal their intentions in a variety of ways, thereby making communication critical to people's ability to coordinate and cooperate. This research will allow a better understanding of the mental mechanisms that underlie such interaction and the way environmental conditions mold interpersonal perspective taking. With such knowledge, we will be better equipped to create appropriate circumstances that could facilitate successful communication and minimize systematic misunderstanding. This knowledge could be applied to promote more successful interactions in health related settings such as doctor-patient communication.

这项研究的目的是发现允许人们用语言进行交流的心理机制。拟议中的实验将使用一种眼动追踪装置来调查人们在交谈中如何看待对方的观点。 这些实验将检验一个新的理论：适应性语言使用理论。 该理论认为，视角信息在会话中的使用是视角诊断性的功能，语言使用者适应环境中的结构，影响这种诊断性。 因此，如果视角的诊断性随着时间的推移而改变，该理论预测，交谈者将相应地调整他们对视角的使用。实验将使用一种相对新颖的方法来研究真实的对话中的在线心理过程。 这将允许将结果应用于各种社会环境中的真实的生活对话。拟议的研究有望产生重要的社会和健康影响。 了解语言交际的心理机制及其成功和失败的条件可能与“博弈论”等行动协调模型相关，该模型在从经济学到国际关系的各种社会科学中进行研究。 为了协调行动，人们可以用各种方式表达自己的意图，从而使沟通对人们的协调和合作能力至关重要。 这项研究将有助于更好地理解这种互动的心理机制以及环境条件塑造人际观点的方式。 有了这些知识，我们将更有能力创造适当的环境，促进成功的沟通，尽量减少系统性的误解。 这方面的知识可以应用于促进更成功的互动，在健康相关的设置，如医患沟通。