CIGARETTE TAXES AND PRENATAL SMOKING

香烟税和产前吸烟

• 批准号: 6536307
• 负责人: THEODORE J JOYCE
• 金额: $ 11.41万
• 依托单位: BERNARD M. BARUCH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-01 至 2003-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6536307
• 关键词: age difference; air pollution control; behavioral /social science research tag; health related legal; human data; human population study; income; negative reinforcements; postpartum; pregnancy; questionnaires; smoking; smoking cessation; substance abuse related behavior; tobacco; tobacco abuse; women's health

DESCRIPTION: Prenatal smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes in the United States. Upwards of 20 percent of all low birth weight births are attributable to smoking and the external costs associated with maternal smoking are estimated at between 11.1 and 18.9 billion. In the only published study to date. economists demonstrated that a 10 percent increase in cigarette prices due to an increase in cigarette excise taxes was associated with a 5 percent decline in smoking by pregnant women, an elasticity of-0.5. In 1999, California increased the excise tax on cigarettes by $0.50; New York raised the excise tax by $0.55 in March of this year. The impact of such large taxes increases on prenatal smoking and thus, infant health, is potentially significant. In this study we use data from the Centers for Disease Control's Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) to evaluate the effect of cigarette excise taxes on pre-pregnancy, prenatal and postpartum smoking. PRAMS is a random, stratified monthly survey of 100-200 recent mothers selected from birth certificates. By the time the 1999 survey is complete, PRAMS will contain information on over 170,000 births delivered between 1988 and 1999 in 16 states. The primary advantage of PRAMS is the detailed information on smoking before, during and after pregnancy. These data allow us to test a simple model that predicts that smoking is more sensitive to cigarette taxes in the period prior to pregnancy relative to the period during pregnancy. Our model implies that previous work may have underestimated the impact of cigarette taxes on smoking by pregnant women. Another advantage of information about smoking at various points around pregnancy is that we can analyze the determinants of quitting during pregnancy and re-starting after birth. Thus, we can test whether changes in the money price of cigarettes induced by a rise in the cigarette excise tax affects the probability of quitting during pregnancy, an analysis not previously attempted. A third advantage is that the screen for smoking on PRAMS is more sensitive that the screen on birth certificates. Thus, we lessen the potential bias associated with underreporting of smoking during pregnancy. Finally, PRAMS also has more detailed information on the mother than is available on birth certificates, which enables us to more effectively model the demand for smoking by pregnant women than has been previously possible in multi-state analyses.

描述：产前吸烟是最重要的可改变危险因素 美国的妊娠结局不佳。占所有低值的 20% 以上 出生体重的出生归因于吸烟和外部成本 与母亲吸烟相关的估计在 11.1 至 18.9 之间 十亿。迄今为止唯一发表的研究。经济学家证明，10 由于卷烟消费税增加而导致卷烟价格上涨的百分比 税收与​​孕妇吸烟率下降 5% 相关， 弹性为-0.5。 1999年，加州提高了卷烟消费税 0.50 美元；纽约今年3月将消费税提高了0.55美元。这 如此大规模的增税对产前吸烟以及婴儿吸烟的影响 健康，具有潜在的重要意义。 在这项研究中，我们使用来自疾病控制中心怀孕风险的数据 用于评估卷烟消费税效果的评估监测系统（PRAMS） 对怀孕前、产前和产后吸烟征税。 PRAMS 是随机的， 每月对100-200名刚出生的母亲进行分层调查 证书。到 1999 年调查完成时，PRAMS 将包含 1988 年至 1999 年间 16 年超过 170,000 名新生儿的信息 州。 PRAMS 的主要优点是之前吸烟的详细信息， 怀孕期间和怀孕后。这些数据使我们能够测试一个简单的模型 预测吸烟对前一时期的卷烟税更为敏感 与怀孕期间相关的怀孕。我们的模型意味着 之前的工作可能低估了卷烟税对吸烟的影响 由孕妇。各种场所有关吸烟的信息的另一个优点 围绕怀孕的要点是我们可以分析戒烟的决定因素 怀孕期间和出生后重新开始。因此，我们可以测试是否发生变化 卷烟消费税上涨引起的卷烟货币价格 影响怀孕期间戒烟的可能性，一项分析并未 之前尝试过。第三个优点是 PRAMS 上的吸烟屏幕 比出生证明上的屏幕更敏感。因此，我们减少了 与怀孕期间吸烟漏报相关的潜在偏差。 最后，PRAMS 还拥有比实际信息更详细的母亲信息。 可以在出生证明上找到，这使我们能够更有效地建模 孕妇吸烟的需求高于以前的水平 多状态分析。