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Parental Involvement Laws and Reproductive Outcomes

父母参与法和生殖结果

基本信息

批准号：
7016290
负责人：
THEODORE J JOYCE
金额：
$ 7.68万
依托单位：
NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2005-03-01 至 2007-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7016290
关键词：
adolescence (12-20)age at pregnancy birth clinical research female human data induced abortion informed consent parent offspring interaction parents statistics /biometry vital statistics

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of the proposed study is to analyze the effect of parental involvement (PI) laws on births, abortions and the timing of abortions in North Carolina and Texas. In general, PI laws require that an abortion provider notify a parent or parents of a minor's request for an abortion, or that the parent(s) provide written consent, before a procedure can be performed. Thirty-three states presently enforce a PI statute, up from 13 states in 1988. The most novel aspect of the proposed study is that we have access to individual birth and abortion records that include the teen's exact date of birth (mm/dd/yy). Thus, we can identify which minors were exposed to the law from the point of conception. This is especially important for the analysis of PI laws since most minors that conceive at 17 years of age give birth at age 18. All previous analyses, with only year of birth to determine age, have suffered from a potentially significant form of misclassification bias in the assignment of teens to treatment and comparison groups. In past work, the "comparison" group of 18 year olds included many teens, which were exposed to the law as minors during pregnancy. Consequently, estimates of the effect of PI laws are downward biased, which diminishes power to detect statistically significant changes in fertility. The second innovative aspect of the proposed study is that with a teen's exact date of birth we can apply a regression discontinuity (RD) design to identify effects of the law. Finally, we will analyze effects of PI laws on the timing of abortions. Teens have almost double the rate of second trimester abortions relative to adults. Second trimester abortions are less available, more expensive, and medically more complicated. Teens who do not involve their parents may take longer to obtain an abortion either out of state or through a judicial bypass. Thus, we expect PI laws to increase the rate of second trimester abortions among minors.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的目的是分析父母参与（PI）法律对北卡罗来纳州和德克萨斯州的出生，堕胎和堕胎时间的影响。一般而言，个人权益法要求堕胎提供者在实施手术前，将未成年人的堕胎请求通知父母，或父母提供书面同意。目前有33个州执行PI法规，比1988年的13个州有所增加。这项研究中最新颖的方面是，我们可以访问个人的出生和堕胎记录，其中包括青少年的确切出生日期（月/日/年）。因此，我们可以从受孕的角度确定哪些未成年人受到法律的约束。这对PI法的分析尤其重要，因为大多数在17岁怀孕的未成年人在18岁分娩。之前的所有分析，都只以出生年份来确定年龄，在将青少年分配到治疗组和对照组时，都存在潜在的重大错误分类偏差。在过去的研究中，18岁的“比较”组包括许多青少年，她们在怀孕期间作为未成年人接触到法律。因此，对PI定律影响的估计是向下偏倚的，这降低了检测生育率统计上显著变化的能力。该研究的第二个创新之处是，根据青少年的确切出生日期，我们可以应用回归不连续（RD）设计来确定该法律的影响。最后，我们将分析PI法对堕胎时间的影响。青少年的中期流产率几乎是成年人的两倍。妊娠中期堕胎的机会更少，更昂贵，医学上也更复杂。没有父母参与的青少年可能需要更长的时间才能在州外或通过司法绕过进行堕胎。因此，我们预计计划生育法将增加未成年人妊娠中期堕胎率。