Perceptions of antimicrobial resistance by international travellers.

国际旅行者对抗菌素耐药性的看法。

• 批准号: 2100081
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2100081
• 关键词: Perceptions; antimicrobial; resistance; international; travellers.

With increasing global rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the risk of an 'end to modern medicine' (Chan: 2012)1 looms large on the horizon. Antimicrobial resistance will place a huge strain on existing public health structures, locally, regionally and globally in dealing with the severe and protracted illnesses associated with resistant pathogens.With no new antimicrobial products available, greater emphasis is now being paid to human use of these pharmaceutical products to ensure future usage and continued efficacy. A number of strains of proteobacteria and entereobacteriacea have been shown to be resistant to first and second line antibiotics, and, more worryingly resistant to drugs of last resort (DoLR), rendering these infections as untreatable. Extensive drug resistance has also been identified in other serious infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Plasmodium (Malaria), emphasising the diverse challenge facing humanity. Resistant infections are spreading across the world, facilitated by international travel. Infections no longer remain confined to one corner of the world, through rapid and continuous human exchanges, the threat of antimicrobial resistance faces everybody, everywhere. This project will research trends of international travel associated with AMR, utilising a grounded theory approach that is both sensitive and reflexive to the research data that will allow space for development of new conceptualisations in understanding AM . No known project has been undertaken utilising this approach.This project will provide new insights into addressing this emerging global threat. Semi structured one-to-one interviews will provide the backbone to this project. Research aims will address health related risk of international travel, abstractions of AMR, infection prevention and infection control decision making and praxis and pre and post exposure infection prophylaxis. Participants will be actively recruited from vaccination and medical centres in England, with a focus on those individuals travelling to high-risk low and middle income countries (utilising the most current WHO antimicrobial resistance report) where emergence and transfer of resistance infections has been established. Trends in AMR will also be monitored according to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) active AMR framework 'GLASS' (Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Systems) and the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) to capture a real-time perspective on active threats in addition to Pro-MED (program for monitoring emerging diseases). A literature included in this project will be undertaken to help situate the research into current social and natural science literature. The project will be of benefit to a broad range of academic disciplines and beneficiaries such as the Public Health England, the European Union, WHO, The United Nations, multilateral, bilateral and governmental public health institutions, international development agencies, non-governmental health actors, and the general public.1 Chan, M. (2012). Antimicrobial Resistance in the European Union and the World. http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2012/amr_20120314/en/

随着全球抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 率不断上升，“现代医学终结”的风险（Chan：2012）1 迫在眉睫。抗菌药物耐药性将给地方、区域和全球现有的公共卫生结构带来巨大压力，以应对与耐药病原体相关的严重和长期疾病。由于没有新的抗菌产品可用，现在更加重视人类对这些药品的使用，以确保未来的使用和持续的功效。许多变形菌和肠杆菌菌株已被证明对一线和二线抗生素具有耐药性，更令人担忧的是对最后手段（DoLR）的耐药性，使得这些感染无法治疗。在结核分枝杆菌、人类免疫缺陷病毒和疟原虫（疟疾）等其他严重感染中也发现了广泛的耐药性，这凸显了人类面临的多样化挑战。在国际旅行的推动下，耐药感染正在世界各地蔓延。感染不再局限于世界的某个角落，通过快速、持续的人类交流，抗菌素耐药性的威胁面临着每个地方的每个人。该项目将研究与 AMR 相关的国际旅行趋势，利用扎根理论方法，该方法对研究数据既敏感又具有反思性，这将为理解 AM 的新概念的发展提供空间。目前还没有利用这种方法进行的已知项目。该项目将为解决这一新兴的全球威胁提供新的见解。半结构化的一对一访谈将为该项目提供支柱。研究目标将解决国际旅行的健康相关风险、抗菌素耐药性的抽象、感染预防和感染控制决策与实践以及暴露前和暴露后感染预防。参与者将从英格兰的疫苗接种和医疗中心积极招募，重点关注那些前往已确定耐药感染出现和转移的高风险低收入和中等收入国家（利用最新的世卫组织抗菌药物耐药性报告）的个人。除 Pro-MED（新发疾病监测计划）外，还将根据世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的主动抗菌素耐药性框架“GLASS”（全球抗菌素耐药性监测系统）和欧洲抗菌素耐药性监测网络 (EARS-Net) 来监测抗菌素耐药性的趋势，以获取主动威胁的实时视角。该项目中包含的文献将有助于将研究定位于当前的社会和自然科学文献。该项目将使广泛的学科和受益者受益，例如英国公共卫生、欧盟、世界卫生组织、联合国、多边、双边和政府公共卫生机构、国际发展机构、非政府卫生行为者和公众。1 Chan, M. (2012)。欧盟和世界各地的抗菌素耐药性。 http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2012/amr_20120314/en/