CANCER PREVENTION AND CONTROL

癌症预防和控制计划由26个参与成员组成，代表着每年直接成本为870万美元(总成本为990万美元)的同行审查资金总额。在过去的两年中，其成员共负责123份与癌症相关的同行评议出版物，其中33%是方案内和方案间的合作。该方案由4个分方案组成，它们是：烟草控制；营养；癌症流行病学和健康教育/社区推广。该计划的目标侧重于促进癌症发病率、死亡率和发病率总体下降的研究。在美国，吸烟是导致癌症的最重要的单一原因。因此，这一分计划的成员将重点放在吸烟的行为流行病学上，并在确定与吸烟开始和戒烟相关的因素方面取得了重大进展。营养子计划研究饮食在癌症发生和发展中的作用，并以两项大型多学科干预研究为特色：一项是关于乳腺癌复发的研究，另一项是关于结肠腺瘤性息肉复发的研究。这项研究包括对癌症发病率的影响，并提出了一些目前正在由妇女健康倡议(UCSD是一个网站)检验的主要假设。健康教育和社区外展在减少癌症对人口的影响方面尤为重要。这一子计划制定了许多行之有效的方法，以说服圣地亚哥和帝国郡的少数民族和文化少数群体以及经济困难的社区参与癌症筛查计划和临床试验。

The Cancer Prevention & Control Program consists of 26 Participating Members, representing total peer-reviewed funding for $8.7 Million in annual direct costs ($9.9 Million in total costs). During the last two years, its Members were responsible for a total of 123 cancer-relevant, peer- reviewed publications 33% of which were intra- and inter-programmatic collaborations. This Program is comprised of 4 sub-programs, which are: Tobacco Control; Nutrition; Cancer Epidemiology and Health Education/Community Outreach. The goals of the Program focus on research to promote overall reductions in cancer incidence, mortality and morbidity. Tobacco usage is the most important single cause of cancer in the United States. Consequently members of this sub-program have focused on the behavioral epidemiology of smoking and have made major progress in identifying factors associated with smoking initiation and cessation. The Nutrition sub-program studies the role of diet in cancer onset and progression, and features two large multi-disciplinary intervention studies: one on breast cancer recurrence and the other on recurrence of colonic adenomatous polyps. The health including effects upon cancer incidence, and has developed some of the major hypotheses currently being tested by the women's Health Initiative (UCSD is a site). Health Education and Community Outreach are exceptionally important in diminishing the impact of cancer on the population. This sub-program has developed a number of proven, effective methods for persuading ethnic and cultural minorities and financially disadvantaged sections of the community in San Diego and Imperial counties to participate in cancer screening programs and clinical trials.