Parenting To Prevent Problem Behaviors

描述（申请人提供）： 父母的吸烟行为和一些一般的育儿做法， 与青少年成为吸烟者的可能性有关。 青春期早期似乎是一个最佳的发展时间， 父母的做法，以减少青少年的问题行为。拟定研究 是一项关于电话咨询干预的随机对照试验 旨在影响父母的做法，以前证明影响 一个懒洋洋的吸烟者 与2000个12-14岁儿童的家庭合作 青少年，这项干预措施旨在适应有效的学校为基础的 将青少年过渡方案（ATP）纳入社区环境， 使用计算机辅助电话咨询结构化协议。我们有 以前证明，这种类型的电话咨询是有效的， 影响其他类型的健康行为。ATP和我们的其他 电话咨询计划是基于认知社会的原则， 学习理论和动机访谈。 我们将从一项基于人口的代表性调查中招募家庭， 加州人。 干预的目标是，父母将保持一般 保护性的养育做法，如监测和限制 在与青少年的回应关系中的自主性，至少通过 年龄16岁。 此外，干预措施将鼓励家长积极 与加州烟草控制计划合作，促进禁烟 规范和非吸烟环境，并在提高采用率 与烟草控制有关的做法，包括：a） 反对吸烟行为的期望，B）建立无烟家庭，c） 监测和干预同龄人使用或促进使用烟草，以及 （d）促进减少需求战略，以减少青少年对毒品的接受程度， 烟草行业促销活动。 两个研究组对干预依从性的主要评估 以及改变吸烟行为的有效性将来自于 青少年年度调查。利用这些数据，我们将确定 干预措施与大幅度减少 15-16岁的青少年谁曾尝试吸烟，以及 降低他们将来成为依赖性吸烟者的可能性。 我们将通过对青少年和父母的调查来描述 青少年时期的保护性养育史。我们将确定 与这些一般性的保护性养育做法有关的因素， 阻碍这些做法的实施。这些调查还将使我们能够 描述父母如何实施最佳烟草控制的自然历史 父母的做法，找出这种做法的潜在障碍， 开发克服这些障碍的潜在有效方法。

Description (provided by applicant): Parental smoking behavior and a number of general parenting practices have been associated with the probability that an adolescent will become a.smoker. Early adolescence appears to be an optimal developmental time for targeting parental practices to reduce adolescent problem behavior. The proposed study is a randomized, controlled trial of a telephone counseling intervention designed to affect parenting practices previously demonstrated to influence a dolescent smoking. Working with 2000 families with 12-14 year old adolescents, this intervention seeks to adapt an effective school-based program (The Adolescent Transition Program--ATP) into a community setting, using a computer assisted telephone counseling structured protocol. We have previously demonstrated that this type of telephone counseling is an effective way to influence other types of health behavior. Both the ATP and our other telephone counseling programs are based on the principles of cognitive social learning theory and motivational interviewing. We will enroll households from a population-based representative survey of Californians. Intervention goals are that parents will maintain general protective parenting practices, such as monitoring and setting limits to autonomy within a responsive relationship with the adolescent through at least age 16 years. Further, the intervention will encourage parents actively partner with the California Tobacco Control Program in promoting nonsmoking norms and nonsmoking environment, and in increasing the rate of adoption of tobacco control related practices including, a) communicating strong parental expectations against smoking behavior, b) establishing a smoke-free home, c) monitoring and intervening when peers use or promote the use of tobacco, and d) promoting demand reduction strategies to reduce adolescent receptivity to tobacco industry promotional activity. The primary assessment of adherence to the intervention in both study groups as well as the effectiveness in changing smoking behavior will come from annual surveys of adolescents. Using these data, we will identify whether the intervention is associated with a significant reduction in the proportion of 15-16 year old adolescents who have experimented with smoking, as well as a reduction in the probability that they will be future dependent smokers. We will use surveys of both adolescents and parents to describe the natural history of protective parenting during the adolescent years. We will identify factors associated with these general protective parenting practices and barriers to implementing these practices. The surveys will also allow us to describe the natural history of how parents implement optimal tobacco control parenting practices, identify potential barriers to such practices, and develop potentially effective ways for overcoming these barriers.