Parenting To Prevent Problem Behaviors

描述（由申请人提供）： 父母的吸烟行为和一些一般的养育方式已经 与青少年成为吸烟者的概率有关。 青春期早期似乎是目标的最佳发育时间 父母减少青少年问题行为的做法。拟议的研究 是一项电话咨询干预的随机对照试验 旨在影响先前被证明会影响的育儿实践 青少年吸烟。 与 2000 个 12-14 岁家庭合作 对于青少年来说，这项干预措施旨在适应有效的基于学校的 计划（青少年过渡计划 - ATP）进入社区环境， 使用计算机辅助电话咨询结构化协议。我们有 之前已经证明这种类型的电话咨询是一种有效的方法 影响其他类型健康行为的方式。 ATP 和我们的其他 电话咨询计划基于认知社会原则 学习理论和动机访谈。 我们将从基于人口的代表性调查中招募家庭 加州人。 干预目标是父母保持总体的 保护性养育做法，例如监控和设定限制 至少通过以下方式在与青少年建立回应性关系中拥有自主权： 年龄 16 岁。 此外，干预措施将鼓励家长积极 与加州烟草控制计划合作促进禁烟 规范和无烟环境，并提高吸烟率 与烟草控制相关的做法包括：a) 与父母进行强有力的沟通 对吸烟行为的期望，b) 建立无烟家庭，c) 当同伴使用或提倡使用烟草时进行监测和干预，以及 d) 促进减少需求战略，以降低青少年对 烟草业促销活动。 对两个研究组干预措施依从性的初步评估 以及改变吸烟行为的有效性将来自 青少年年度调查。使用这些数据，我们将确定是否 干预与显着降低 曾尝试过吸烟的15-16岁青少年，以及 减少他们未来成为依赖吸烟者的可能性。 我们将使用对青少年和家长的调查来描述自然 青少年时期保护性养育的历史。我们将确定 与这些一般保护性养育做法相关的因素以及 实施这些做法的障碍。这些调查还将使我们能够 描述父母如何实施最佳烟草控制的自然历史 育儿实践，确定此类实践的潜在障碍，以及 开发克服这些障碍的潜在有效方法。

Description (provided by applicant): Parental smoking behavior and a number of general parenting practices have been associated with the probability that an adolescent will become a.smoker. Early adolescence appears to be an optimal developmental time for targeting parental practices to reduce adolescent problem behavior. The proposed study is a randomized, controlled trial of a telephone counseling intervention designed to affect parenting practices previously demonstrated to influence a dolescent smoking. Working with 2000 families with 12-14 year old adolescents, this intervention seeks to adapt an effective school-based program (The Adolescent Transition Program--ATP) into a community setting, using a computer assisted telephone counseling structured protocol. We have previously demonstrated that this type of telephone counseling is an effective way to influence other types of health behavior. Both the ATP and our other telephone counseling programs are based on the principles of cognitive social learning theory and motivational interviewing. We will enroll households from a population-based representative survey of Californians. Intervention goals are that parents will maintain general protective parenting practices, such as monitoring and setting limits to autonomy within a responsive relationship with the adolescent through at least age 16 years. Further, the intervention will encourage parents actively partner with the California Tobacco Control Program in promoting nonsmoking norms and nonsmoking environment, and in increasing the rate of adoption of tobacco control related practices including, a) communicating strong parental expectations against smoking behavior, b) establishing a smoke-free home, c) monitoring and intervening when peers use or promote the use of tobacco, and d) promoting demand reduction strategies to reduce adolescent receptivity to tobacco industry promotional activity. The primary assessment of adherence to the intervention in both study groups as well as the effectiveness in changing smoking behavior will come from annual surveys of adolescents. Using these data, we will identify whether the intervention is associated with a significant reduction in the proportion of 15-16 year old adolescents who have experimented with smoking, as well as a reduction in the probability that they will be future dependent smokers. We will use surveys of both adolescents and parents to describe the natural history of protective parenting during the adolescent years. We will identify factors associated with these general protective parenting practices and barriers to implementing these practices. The surveys will also allow us to describe the natural history of how parents implement optimal tobacco control parenting practices, identify potential barriers to such practices, and develop potentially effective ways for overcoming these barriers.