BIODEMOGRAPHIC DROSOPHILA EXPERIMENTS

果蝇生物统计实验

• 批准号: 6563278
• 负责人: JAMES W CURTSINGER
• 金额: $ 17.85万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-02-01 至 2002-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6563278
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; animal genetic material tag; animal mortality; animal old age; animal population genetics; body movement; fertility; gender difference; gene environment interaction; genetic mapping; genetic markers; longevity; longitudinal animal study; mathematical model; metabolism; quantitative trait loci; reproduction

Abstract: DESCRIPTION: (adapted from the application): This project proposes to examine the relationships between longevity, nutrition, and reproduction in the Medkerranean fruit fly. It will be framed around the recent finding that the life history of female medflies can be characterized by two physiological modes with different demographic schedules of fertility and survival: (I) a waiting mode in which both mortality and reproduction are low; and (ii) a reproductive mode in which mortality is very low at the onset of egg laying but accelerates as eggs are laid. The project will involve Drs. James Carey (UC Davis), Lawrence Harshman (University of Nebraska) and Linda Partridge (University College London) with data gathered at the Moscamed mass rearing facility in Tapachula, Mexico under the direction of Dr. Pablo Liedo. Professors Hans Muller and Jane-Ling Wang (Division of Statistics, UC Davis) will assist with data management and statistical analyses. The specific aims are to test the following hypotheses: (1) The interplay of aging modes will have fundamentally different effects on the life history characteristics of females: a. Females will live longer when they experience both modes of aging than if they experience one exclusively. b. females will lay more eggs in their lifetimes when they experience only the reproductive mode with continuous feeding on a full diet. c. The local characteristics of the mortality trajectory such as the timing of the mortality "shoulder" or the peak will shift when females experience both modes of aging; (2) The effects of dietary restriction on longevity are mediated through reductions in reproductive rates and costs; (3) The genes and mechanisms elevating longevity in waiting and reproductive mode are different, and possibly mutually exclusive; and (4) the effects of nutrition and reproduction on survival rates are mediated through changes in numbers of active ovadoles, modulations of yolk protein synthesis, and changes in hormone titers.

摘要：描述：(改编自申请)：该项目建议研究麦地果蝇的寿命、营养和繁殖之间的关系。它将围绕最近的发现，即雌蝇的生活史可以通过两种不同人口统计时间表的生育和存活的生理模式来表征：(I)等待模式，在这种模式下死亡率和繁殖率都很低；(Ii)在繁殖模式中，在产卵开始时死亡率很低，但随着产卵的增加，死亡率会加快。该项目将涉及James Carey博士(加州大学戴维斯分校)、Lawrence Harshman博士(内布拉斯加州大学)和Linda Partridge博士(伦敦大学学院)，在Pablo Liedo博士的指导下，在墨西哥塔帕丘拉的Moscamed大规模饲养设施收集数据。加州大学戴维斯分校统计系的米勒教授和王珍玲教授将协助进行数据管理和统计分析。具体目的是检验以下假设：(1)衰老模式的相互作用将对女性的生活史特征产生根本不同的影响：a.当女性同时经历两种衰老模式时，她们比只经历一种衰老模式的女性活得更长。B.雌性在其有生之年将会产下更多的卵，当它们只经历连续摄食完全食物的生殖模式时。(2)限制饮食对寿命的影响是通过降低繁殖率和成本来实现的；(3)在等待和繁殖模式下，提高寿命的基因和机制是不同的，可能是相互排斥的；(4)营养和生殖对存活率的影响是通过活动卵子数量的变化、卵黄蛋白合成的调节和激素效价的变化来调节的。