Core--Technology demonstration research support

技术示范核心的长期目标是促进将受污染的地下水和土壤处理的创新技术从实验室转移到实地。具体地说，建议a)在将新技术转移到选定的现场之前，先使用仪表式4米土壤渗漏仪在试验规模上测试新技术，以及b)为那些可以立即进行现场规模测试的技术提供Core的支持。这些新技术是在过去几年里在实验室中开发的，包括双金属催化剂、电化学和光化学反应以及基因增强的生物处理。美国国家科学院最近的一份报告估计，美国计划在未来几十年清理30万至40万个受污染的地点。据估计，清理工作的总成本高达5000亿至1万亿美元，令人震惊。虽然过去取得了成功，但很明显，常规处理技术，特别是受污染地下水的处理技术，往往是不够的。值得注意的是，尽管90%以上的地点使用常规的泵送和处理方法，但在所调查的77个地点中，只有8个地点有望达到所需的清理标准。报告列出了大约50种补救技术，其中大部分是物理遏制或生物性质的。只有5种“化学反应技术”被列出，包括焚烧和用过氧化氢等强力氧化剂进行氧化。替代地下水处理技术的缺乏产生了不良影响，将补救效果仅限于那些对健康构成直接威胁的地点。我们寻求增加新处理技术的数量和多样性，并在实地进行测试，以便向行业和政府提供成本和性能数据。通过这种方式，我们建议利用良好的科学和工程成果来影响法规和公共政策，以改善公共健康。

The long-term objective of the Technology Demonstration Core is to facilitate the transfer of innovative technologies for the treatment of contaminated groundwater and soils from the laboratory to the field. Specifically, it is proposed a) than an instrumented 4-meter soil lysimeter be used to test new technologies at the pilot scale prior to being transferred to selected field sites, and b) that Core's support be provided fore those technologies that are ready for immediate field-scale testing. The new technologies have been developed in the laboratory over the past several years and include bimetallic catalysts, electrochemical and photochemical reactions, and gene-enhanced biological treatments. A National Academy report recently estimated that 300,000 to 400,000 contaminated sites are scheduled for cleanup over the next few decades in the United States. The estimated total cleanup costs are a staggering $500 billion to $1 trillion. While there have been successes in the past, it has become clear that conventional treatment technologies, especially those for contaminated groundwater, are often inadequate. It is noteworthy that although conventional pump-and-treat methods are used at more than 90% of sites, only 8 out of 77 sites surveyed are expected to attain the desired cleanup standard The report lists approximately 50 remediation technologies, the majority of which are physical containment or biological in nature. Only 5 "chemical reaction technologies" are listed, including incineration and oxidation with powerful oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide. This shortage of alternative groundwater treatment technologies is having the undesirable effect of limiting remediation effects to only those sites that pose an immediate health risk. We seek to increase the number and diversity of new treatment technologies and to test them at field sites so as to make cost and performance data available to industry and government. In this way we propose to use the results of good science and engineering to influence regulations and public policy toward improving public health.