Core--Technology demonstration research support

技术示范核心的长期目标是促进将处理受污染地下水和土壤的创新技术从实验室转移到实地。具体而言，建议a）在将新技术转移到选定的实地之前，使用装有仪器的4米土壤蒸渗仪对新技术进行试点测试，以及B）在那些准备立即进行实地测试的技术之前提供核心的支持。这些新技术是在过去几年中在实验室中开发的，包括生物催化剂、电化学和光化学反应以及基因增强生物处理。美国国家科学院最近的一份报告估计，在未来几十年内，美国将有30万至40万个受污染的地点需要清理。据估计，总的清理成本是惊人的5000亿美元至1万亿美元。虽然过去取得了一些成功，但很明显，传统的处理技术，特别是那些处理受污染地下水的技术，往往是不够的。值得注意的是，尽管超过90%的场地使用传统的泵和处理方法，但在调查的77个场地中，只有8个有望达到理想的清理标准。仅列出了5种“化学反应技术”，包括焚烧和用过氧化氢等强氧化剂氧化。替代地下水处理技术的短缺正在产生不良影响，使补救效果仅限于那些对健康构成直接风险的地点。我们寻求增加新处理技术的数量和多样性，并在实地进行测试，以便为工业和政府提供成本和性能数据。通过这种方式，我们建议使用良好的科学和工程的结果来影响法规和公共政策，以改善公众健康。

The long-term objective of the Technology Demonstration Core is to facilitate the transfer of innovative technologies for the treatment of contaminated groundwater and soils from the laboratory to the field. Specifically, it is proposed a) than an instrumented 4-meter soil lysimeter be used to test new technologies at the pilot scale prior to being transferred to selected field sites, and b) that Core's support be provided fore those technologies that are ready for immediate field-scale testing. The new technologies have been developed in the laboratory over the past several years and include bimetallic catalysts, electrochemical and photochemical reactions, and gene-enhanced biological treatments. A National Academy report recently estimated that 300,000 to 400,000 contaminated sites are scheduled for cleanup over the next few decades in the United States. The estimated total cleanup costs are a staggering $500 billion to $1 trillion. While there have been successes in the past, it has become clear that conventional treatment technologies, especially those for contaminated groundwater, are often inadequate. It is noteworthy that although conventional pump-and-treat methods are used at more than 90% of sites, only 8 out of 77 sites surveyed are expected to attain the desired cleanup standard The report lists approximately 50 remediation technologies, the majority of which are physical containment or biological in nature. Only 5 "chemical reaction technologies" are listed, including incineration and oxidation with powerful oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide. This shortage of alternative groundwater treatment technologies is having the undesirable effect of limiting remediation effects to only those sites that pose an immediate health risk. We seek to increase the number and diversity of new treatment technologies and to test them at field sites so as to make cost and performance data available to industry and government. In this way we propose to use the results of good science and engineering to influence regulations and public policy toward improving public health.