Synaptic processing in the basal ganglia

基底神经节的突触处理

• 批准号: 6617177
• 负责人: DAVID J PERKEL
• 金额: $ 24.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-03-01 至 2008-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6617177
• 关键词: auditory feedback; basal ganglia; confocal scanning microscopy; dopamine receptor; electron microscopy; excitatory aminoacid; learning; memory; neural information processing; neural transmission; neurons; neurotransmitters; prosencephalon; sensory feedback; songbirds; synapses; tissue /cell culture; vocalization; voltage /patch clamp

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Vocal learning in songbirds is a unique, experimentally accessible model of human vocal learning that also exemplifies the general process of motor learning using sensory feedback. A male songbird learns his courtship song by first memorizing his father's song, and later using auditory feedback to match his own song to his memory of his father's song. One major advantage to this model system is the existence of separate forebrain circuits involved in producing the song and in learning it. The so-called "anterior forebrain pathway", which is essential for vocal learning, has recently been found to bear gross similarities to the mammalian basal ganglia pathway, which is known to be involved in motor control and motor learning. Specifically, the general circuit connectivity, neurotransmitters used, and neuron classes present, are consistent with the hypothesis that the same basic circuitry underlies information processing in avian and mammalian basal ganglia. The experiments proposed here will use electrophysiological and morphological approaches to test whether key microcircuitry of the anterior forebrain pathway supports this view. In addition, the experiments will test whether neuromodulatory actions of dopamine in the anterior forebrain pathway are similar to those in mammals. These experiments will provide necessary information about how the avian anterior forebrain pathway works. If the hypotheses are supported, two major benefits will ensue. First, work on the avian song system will accelerate because it can be guided by the wealth of information already available for mammals. Moreover, the song system, with its advantages of a well-studied, naturally-learned behavior, will be validated as a more directly applicable model system of mammalian basal ganglia function than heretofore realized. Such complementary approaches to understanding the basal ganglia are valuable because approaches to disorders of the basal ganglia such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases will likely require fundamental understanding of information processing in the basal ganglia.

描述（由申请人提供）：鸣禽的发声学习是人类发声学习的独特的、实验上可获得的模型，其还使用感觉反馈来阐明运动学习的一般过程。一只雄性鸣禽学习求偶歌的方法是先记住父亲的歌，然后利用听觉反馈将自己的歌与记忆中的父亲的歌相匹配。这个模型系统的一个主要优点是存在独立的前脑回路参与产生的歌曲，并在学习it.The所谓的“前前脑通路”，这是必不可少的声乐学习，最近被发现承担毛相似的哺乳动物基底神经节通路，这是已知的参与运动控制和运动学习。具体而言，一般电路连接，神经递质的使用，和神经元类，是一致的假设，即相同的基本电路基础的信息处理在鸟类和哺乳动物基底神经节。这里提出的实验将使用电生理学和形态学的方法来测试前前脑通路的关键微电路是否支持这一观点。此外，实验将测试多巴胺在前脑通路中的神经调节作用是否与哺乳动物相似。这些实验将提供必要的信息，鸟类前脑通路是如何工作的。如果这些假设得到支持，两个主要的好处将随之而来。首先，研究鸟类鸣唱系统的工作将加速，因为它可以由哺乳动物已有的丰富信息指导。此外，歌曲系统，其良好的研究，自然学习的行为的优势，将被验证为一个更直接适用的模型系统的哺乳动物基底神经节功能比迄今为止实现。这种理解基底神经节的补充方法是有价值的，因为诸如帕金森病和亨廷顿病的基底神经节障碍的方法可能需要对基底神经节中的信息处理的基本理解。