A telencephalic pattern generator for song

歌曲的端脑模式生成器

• 批准号: 6873636
• 负责人: DAVID J PERKEL
• 金额: $ 15.16万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2007-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6873636
• 关键词: brain; brain electrical activity; carbachol; dopamine; electrostimulus; ethology; melatonin; method development; neuropeptides; neuroregulation; norepinephrine; sectioning; songbirds; sound; telencephalon; tissue /cell preparation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Birdsong is an excellent model for understanding the neural basis of complex vocal behavior, like human speech. Songbirds naturally learn and produce their song, and like human speech, the learning process depends on hearing. Our long-term goal is to understand the neural mechanisms of song production. As a beginning, this proposal considers the role played by the telencephalic nucleus HVc in zebra finches, which produce one song with high stereotypy throughout life. HVc is likely to participate in driving song production: it is required for singing, its neurons display premotor and patterned activity during song production, and it is poised anatomically to influence the output of the syrinx, the avian vocal organ. Furthermore, studies of HVc in vivo have implicated it as a pattern generator for song. The experiments described here propose to develop a slice preparation of HVc that can be induced to produce activity in vitro that mimics the rhythmic activity observed during song production in vivo. Recent indirect evidence shows that patterned activity can be elicited in brain slice preparations of HVc; the goal here is to directly observe the spiking activity, and to induce it reliably. Specifically, extracellular recordings will be used to monitor the spiking patterns of HVc cells in vitro in response to brief high frequency stimuli, application of neuromodulators, or both. If patterned activity results, we will analyze it for stereotypy and similarity to the song of the bird from which the brain slice was made. The proposal is highly exploratory because it aims to discover the conditions under which rhythmic, singing-related activity can be induced in HVc in vitro. This approach will at least clarify the extent to which HVc is capable of generating rhythmic activity in isolation. If these experiments yield reliable rhythmic activity related to song, then this will be a strong candidate for a preparation of "fictive singing." Such a preparation would provide one of the few vertebrate examples of pattern generation in vitro, claim the first instance of in vitro pattern generation for vocal behavior within the telencephalon, and it would form a basis for future mechanistic investigations of rhythmic activity in HVc, song production, and more generally the motor control of sequenced and patterned motor outputs. This knowledge would be applicable to understanding the mechanisms governing speech production in humans, and enhance the understanding of speech, how it is learned, and its pathologies.

描述（由申请人提供）：鸟鸣是一个很好的模型，用于理解复杂的声乐行为的神经基础，如人类的讲话。鸣禽自然地学习和发出它们的歌声，就像人类的语言一样，学习过程依赖于听觉。我们的长期目标是了解歌曲产生的神经机制。作为一个开始，这个建议认为端脑核HVc在斑胸草雀，产生一首歌与高刻板的整个生活中发挥的作用。HVc可能参与驱动歌曲的产生：它是唱歌所必需的，它的神经元在歌曲产生过程中显示运动前和模式化活动，并且它在解剖学上影响了鸣管（鸟类发声器官）的输出。此外，HVc在体内的研究表明，它是一个模式发生器的歌曲。这里描述的实验提出开发HVc的切片制备物，其可以被诱导以在体外产生模拟在体内歌曲产生期间观察到的节律活动的活动。最近的间接证据表明，模式化的活动，可以引起脑片制备HVc;这里的目标是直接观察尖峰活动，并可靠地诱导它。具体而言，细胞外记录将用于监测体外HVc细胞响应于短暂高频刺激、神经调节剂的应用或两者的尖峰模式。如果产生了模式化的活动，我们将分析它的刻板性和与制作大脑切片的鸟的歌声的相似性。该建议是高度探索性的，因为它的目的是发现的条件下，有节奏的，唱歌相关的活动可以在体外诱导HVc。这种方法至少可以阐明HVc能够单独产生节律活动的程度。如果这些实验产生了可靠的与歌唱有关的节奏活动，那么这将是一个强有力的候选人，为“虚构的歌唱”做准备。“这样的准备将提供为数不多的体外模式生成的脊椎动物例子之一，声称端脑内声音行为的体外模式生成的第一个实例，它将为HVc中的节奏活动，歌曲产生以及更普遍的序列和模式运动输出的运动控制的未来机制研究奠定基础。这些知识将适用于理解人类语言产生的机制，并增强对语言的理解，它是如何学习的，以及它的病理学。