A telencephalic pattern generator for song

歌曲的端脑模式生成器

• 批准号: 6873636
• 负责人: DAVID J PERKEL
• 金额: $ 15.16万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2007-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6873636
• 关键词: brain; brain electrical activity; carbachol; dopamine; electrostimulus; ethology; melatonin; method development; neuropeptides; neuroregulation; norepinephrine; sectioning; songbirds; sound; telencephalon; tissue /cell preparation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Birdsong is an excellent model for understanding the neural basis of complex vocal behavior, like human speech. Songbirds naturally learn and produce their song, and like human speech, the learning process depends on hearing. Our long-term goal is to understand the neural mechanisms of song production. As a beginning, this proposal considers the role played by the telencephalic nucleus HVc in zebra finches, which produce one song with high stereotypy throughout life. HVc is likely to participate in driving song production: it is required for singing, its neurons display premotor and patterned activity during song production, and it is poised anatomically to influence the output of the syrinx, the avian vocal organ. Furthermore, studies of HVc in vivo have implicated it as a pattern generator for song. The experiments described here propose to develop a slice preparation of HVc that can be induced to produce activity in vitro that mimics the rhythmic activity observed during song production in vivo. Recent indirect evidence shows that patterned activity can be elicited in brain slice preparations of HVc; the goal here is to directly observe the spiking activity, and to induce it reliably. Specifically, extracellular recordings will be used to monitor the spiking patterns of HVc cells in vitro in response to brief high frequency stimuli, application of neuromodulators, or both. If patterned activity results, we will analyze it for stereotypy and similarity to the song of the bird from which the brain slice was made. The proposal is highly exploratory because it aims to discover the conditions under which rhythmic, singing-related activity can be induced in HVc in vitro. This approach will at least clarify the extent to which HVc is capable of generating rhythmic activity in isolation. If these experiments yield reliable rhythmic activity related to song, then this will be a strong candidate for a preparation of "fictive singing." Such a preparation would provide one of the few vertebrate examples of pattern generation in vitro, claim the first instance of in vitro pattern generation for vocal behavior within the telencephalon, and it would form a basis for future mechanistic investigations of rhythmic activity in HVc, song production, and more generally the motor control of sequenced and patterned motor outputs. This knowledge would be applicable to understanding the mechanisms governing speech production in humans, and enhance the understanding of speech, how it is learned, and its pathologies.

描述(申请人提供)：BirdSong是理解复杂发声行为的神经基础的一个极好的模型，比如人类的言语。鸣禽自然地学习和产生它们的歌声，就像人类的语言一样，学习过程依赖于听力。我们的长期目标是了解歌曲产生的神经机制。作为开始，这个建议考虑了端脑核团HVC在斑马雀身上所起的作用，斑马雀一生都会产生一首具有高度刻板印象的歌曲。HVC很可能参与推动歌曲的产生：它是歌唱所必需的，它的神经元在歌曲产生期间显示运动前和模式活动，从解剖学上讲，它可能会影响鸟类发声器官--空肠的输出。此外，体内对HVC的研究表明，它是歌曲的模式生成器。这里描述的实验建议开发一种HVC切片制剂，它可以在体外被诱导产生活性，模仿体内歌曲产生时观察到的节奏活动。最近的间接证据表明，在HVC的脑片制备中可以诱导出模式活动；这里的目标是直接观察到尖峰活动，并可靠地诱导它。具体地说，细胞外记录将被用来监测体外HVC细胞对短暂高频刺激的反应模式，神经调节剂的应用，或两者兼而有之。如果结果是模式化的活动，我们将分析它的刻板印象和与制作脑片的鸟的歌声的相似性。这项提议具有很高的探索性，因为它旨在发现在体外HVC中可以诱导有节奏的、与歌唱相关的活动的条件。这一方法将至少阐明HVC在多大程度上能够单独产生节律性活动。如果这些实验产生了与歌曲相关的可靠的节奏活动，那么这将是一个很好的准备“虚构的歌唱”的候选。这样的准备将提供为数不多的脊椎动物体外模式生成的例子之一，声称是端脑内发声行为的体外模式生成的第一个实例，它将为未来对HVC中的节奏活动、歌曲产生以及更广泛地说对排序和模式运动输出的运动控制的机制研究奠定基础。这些知识将适用于理解人类言语产生的机制，并加强对言语、如何学习言语及其病理的理解。