Genome Mapping Resources for the Budgerigar

虎皮鹦鹉基因组图谱资源

• 批准号: 6439809
• 负责人: Edward J Smith
• 金额: $ 7.31万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-02-01 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6439809
• 关键词: Aves; aging; animal genetic material tag; biochemical evolution; cytoprotection; cytotoxicity; genetic mapping; genetic markers; genetic models; genetic polymorphism; genetic screening; genetic strain; genome; longevity; nucleic acid amplification techniques; nucleic acid sequence; oxidative stress

The free radical theory of aging postulates that aerobic activities within the cell produce reactive oxygen species which cause damage to macromolecules, an underlying factor in organismal aging (senescence). The molecular basis of the effect of increased oxidative stress on longevity, however, remains very little understood. Increasing our understanding of the biological basis of natural resistance to oxidative stress is the budgerigar, Melopsitaccus undulatus. The budgerigar is a flying bird that is characterized by an exceptional longevity despite a high metabolic rate and consequent exposure to oxidative stress. Additional rationale for using the budgerigar as a model species for studying the biology of aging include wide availability as a pet, extensive knowledge about its physiology and nutritional requirements as well as short breeding cycles and potentially large family sizes. Despite these, however, its use to investigate the molecular basis of certain mechanisms like oxidative stress is limited because of our poor knowledge of its genome. Such knowledge will facilitate the use of emerging tools of comparative genomics to identify the genes that underlie the budgerigar's exceptional resistance to oxidative stress. To begin to address this paucity in genomic information for the budgerigar, we propose in the present R03 project to develop resources and genomic reagents needed for the construction of a budgerigar genome map. The resources that will be developed include a backcross reference panel and DNA markers based on cross-species amplification of map-based chicken, quail and turkey markers. The resources developed will lead, in a subsequent R01 project, to the construction of the first genome map of a model organism with a strong gerontological interest. A map will be useful in applying the tools of reverse genetics to identify the genes that underlie resistance to oxidative stress in the budgerigar or to use comparative genomics with more closely related (compared to mammals) but short-lived birds, including the quail and chicken, to identify these genes. The project will permit the development of a coordinated and directed budgerigar genome-mapping project led by a geneticist with a strong background in avian genomics and a biologist with extensive experience in the use of animal models, including birds, in aging research.

衰老的自由基理论认为，细胞内的有氧活动产生了对大分子造成损害的活性氧物种，这是生物体衰老(衰老)的一个潜在因素。然而，氧化应激增加对寿命的影响的分子基础仍然知之甚少。增加我们对自然抵抗氧化应激的生物学基础的理解是虎皮鹦鹉，波纹鹦鹉。虎皮鹦鹉是一种飞行鸟类，其特点是特别长寿，尽管代谢率很高，因此暴露在氧化应激下。将虎皮鹦鹉作为研究衰老生物学的模式物种的另一个理由包括广泛的宠物可获得性，对其生理和营养需求的广泛了解，以及较短的繁殖周期和潜在的大家庭规模。然而，尽管如此，由于我们对其基因组缺乏了解，它在研究某些机制(如氧化应激)的分子基础方面的使用受到限制。这些知识将有助于使用新兴的比较基因组学工具来识别虎皮鹦鹉对氧化应激的特殊抵抗力背后的基因。为了解决虎皮鹦鹉基因组信息匮乏的问题，我们在目前的R03项目中建议开发构建虎皮鹦鹉基因组图谱所需的资源和基因组试剂。将开发的资源包括一个回交参考小组和基于基于图谱的鸡、鹌鹑和火鸡标记的跨物种扩增的DNA标记。所开发的资源将在随后的R01项目中导致构建具有强烈老年学兴趣的第一个模式生物基因组图。一张图谱将有助于应用反向遗传学的工具来识别鹦鹉抵抗氧化应激的基因，或者使用比较基因组学与更接近(与哺乳动物相比)但寿命较短的鸟类，包括鹌鹑和鸡，来识别这些基因。该项目将允许开发一个协调和定向的虎皮鹦鹉基因组图谱项目，该项目由一位在鸟类基因组学方面具有丰富背景的遗传学家和一位在衰老研究中使用动物模型(包括鸟类)方面拥有丰富经验的生物学家领导。