Early Life and genetic effects on obesity and diabetes

描述(由申请人提供)： 德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校健康科学中心的临床流行病学部门为我提供了作为糖尿病和心血管流行病学家追求的机会，目前的职业目标包括统计遗传学培训和实施我自己的研究。这些技能对我的职业发展至关重要，我的长期职业目标是作为一名遗传流行病学家建立一个坚实的独立研究计划。该研究项目的目的是在圣安东尼奥家庭糖尿病研究(SAFDS)和圣安东尼奥家庭心脏研究(SAFHS)这两项正在进行的研究中，调查和描述宫内和儿童早期暴露及其与肥胖和2型糖尿病发展的关系。SAFDS和SAFHS是对低收入墨西哥裔美国家庭的研究，总共包括来自80多个大家庭的2361名成年参与者。在每项研究中，都完成了标准化的体检，包括人体测量和血压测量，空腹静脉穿刺术和口服葡萄糖耐量测试。此外，在接下来的几个月里，以大约10厘米的间隔对分布在整个基因组中的400个高度多态的标记进行完整的基因组扫描将在绝大多数参与者身上获得。拟议项目的具体目标包括收集1600多名参与者关于母乳喂养的自我报告信息，以及999名参与者的母亲报告的一系列早期生活接触信息。母亲报告的感兴趣的接触包括母乳喂养持续时间、母亲在怀孕期间吸烟和饮酒、妊娠期高血压和/或糖尿病、两次怀孕之间的间隔以及从怀孕到未来发展为糖尿病的时间间隔(糖尿病患者)。感兴趣的研究问题包括早期生活暴露与成人肥胖和糖尿病之间的联系，糖尿病和肥胖症的遗传性是否受到早期生活暴露本身可能是家族遗传的影响，以及最后识别与肥胖和糖尿病相关的基因和环境相互作用。这项拟议的研究将先前在两项已建立的研究中收集的信息与有关早期生命暴露的信息相结合，弥合了遗传学和流行病学之间的差距，提供了一个独特的培训机会，并提供了一个加深我们对肥胖症和糖尿病的理解的机会。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Immediate career goals that the Division of Clinical Epidemiology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio provides me the opportunity to pursue as a diabetes and cardiovascular epidemiologist, include training in statistical genetics and implementation of my own study. These skills are essential for my career development, my long-term career objective being to establish a solid independent research program as a genetic epidemiologist. The objective of the research project is to investigate and characterize intrauterine and early childhood exposures and their relationship to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in two ongoing studies, the San Antonio Family Diabetes Study (SAFDS) and the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS). The SAFDS and the SAFHS are studies of low-income Mexican American families that combined include 2,361 adult participants from over 80 extended families. In each study, a standardized medical examination has been completed, including measurements of anthropometry and blood pressure, a fasting venipuncture and an oral glucose tolerance test. Moreover, in the coming months, a complete genomic scan of 400 highly polymorphic markers distributed throughout the genome at approximately 10 centimorgan intervals will be available on the vast majority of participants. Specific aims of the proposed project include collecting self-reported information on breast-feeding from over 1600 participants and mother, reported information on an array of early life exposures on 999 participants. Mother-reported exposures of interest include duration of breast-feeding, maternal smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, gestational hypertension and/or diabetes during pregnancy, inter-pregnancy interval, and the time interval between pregnancy and future development of diabetes (among diabetic individuals). Research questions of interest include the association between early life exposures and adult obesity and diabetes, whether the heritability of diabetes and obesity is influenced by early life exposures that are themselves likely to be familial, and finally the identification of genes and gene by environment interactions related to obesity and diabetes. The proposed study, by combining previously collected information in two established studies with collection of information on early life exposures, bridges the gap between genetics and epidemiology, offering a unique training opportunity and an opportunity to further our understanding of obesity and diabetes.