Scientific Origins of Modern Cell Biology: A History

描述(由申请人提供)： 这个项目是为了完成现代细胞生物学起源的第一部历史的撰写和编辑。它是20世纪40年代从细胞学、显微解剖学、生物化学和生物物理学中锻造出来的。新的工具和技术使研究人员能够发现以前未知的细胞内部结构，并确定这些结构是如何工作的。在需要生理学解释的遗传学进步的进一步推动下，细胞生物学继续解释细胞如何在健康和疾病中发挥作用。因此，对这一领域的了解对生物学和医学至关重要。这是一部传统的历史，讲述了这门科学是如何在很大程度上起源于二战前的一个实验室，该实验室研究癌症，并催生了结合电子显微镜、离心机和生化分析来探索细胞的研究人员。这些科学家创建了一流的学会和期刊，并培训了其他人，这些人后来在世界各地建立了实验室。历史从对这门新科学的根源的调查开始，接着是阿尔伯特·克劳德、基思·波特和乔治·帕拉德对开创性研究的详细描述，然后是他们的22名合作者和学生撰写的章节。重点放在科学、新方法和科学家上。这个故事不断地将实验背后的思维与洞察力整合到科学探究的个人本质、不断变化的视角的价值以及基础医学研究的过程中。背景研究已经进行了六年多，查找杂乱无章、未编目和实际分散的材料；主要来源包括一系列档案和个人收藏的信件和手稿、音频和视频采访以及原创科学出版物。现在，需要大量不间断的时间来为投稿人的文章撰写引言和桥梁部分，以便将重点和背景放在整体上，将广泛的草稿编辑成一个可读的故事，并制作一份完整记录的书稿。目标读者是医学研究人员、教育工作者、非专业读者、学生、学者以及数以千计的生物物理学家、生物化学家和生物学家。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a project to finish writing and editing the first history of the origins of modern cell biology. It was forged from cytology, microscopic anatomy, biochemistry, and biophysics in the 1940s. New tools and techniques enabled researchers to discover previously unknown interior structures of cells and to identify how these structures worked. Cell biology, further propelled by advances in genetics that require physiologic interpretation, continues to explain how the cell works in health and disease. An understanding of this field is thus vital to biology and medicine. This is a traditional history, a narrative about how the science emerged in large part from a single pre-World War II laboratory that studied cancer and spawned researchers who combined the electron microscope, centrifuge, and biochemical assays to explore cells. These scientists founded a premier society and journal and trained others who then founded laboratories around the world. The history begins with a survey of the roots of the new science, continues with detailed descriptions of pioneering research by Albert Claude, Keith Porter, and George Palade, and is followed by sections written by twenty-two of their collaborators and students. The focus is on the science, novel methods, and scientists. The story continuously integrates the thinking behind the experiments with insights into the personal nature of scientific inquiry, the value of changing perspectives, and processes of basic medical research. Background research has been underway for more than six years, locating unorganized, uncatalogued, and physically scattered materials; primary sources include letters and manuscripts from a range of archival and personal collections, audio and video interviews, and original scientific publications. Now a substantial amount of uninterrupted time is needed to write introductions and bridging sections to essays by the contributors to give focus and context to the whole, to edit the extensive drafts into a readable story, and to produce a fully documented book manuscript. The intended audience is medical researchers, educators, lay readers, students, scholars, and thousands of biophysicists, biochemists, and biologists.