Scientific Origins of Modern Cell Biology: A History

现代细胞生物学的科学起源：历史

• 批准号: 6800400
• 负责人: CAROL MOBERG
• 金额: $ 8.35万
• 依托单位: ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-30 至 2005-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6800400
• 关键词: books; cell biology; cytology; information dissemination; publications; technical writing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a project to finish writing and editing the first history of the origins of modern cell biology. It was forged from cytology, microscopic anatomy, biochemistry, and biophysics in the 1940s. New tools and techniques enabled researchers to discover previously unknown interior structures of cells and to identify how these structures worked. Cell biology, further propelled by advances in genetics that require physiologic interpretation, continues to explain how the cell works in health and disease. An understanding of this field is thus vital to biology and medicine. This is a traditional history, a narrative about how the science emerged in large part from a single pre-World War II laboratory that studied cancer and spawned researchers who combined the electron microscope, centrifuge, and biochemical assays to explore cells. These scientists founded a premier society and journal and trained others who then founded laboratories around the world. The history begins with a survey of the roots of the new science, continues with detailed descriptions of pioneering research by Albert Claude, Keith Porter, and George Palade, and is followed by sections written by twenty-two of their collaborators and students. The focus is on the science, novel methods, and scientists. The story continuously integrates the thinking behind the experiments with insights into the personal nature of scientific inquiry, the value of changing perspectives, and processes of basic medical research. Background research has been underway for more than six years, locating unorganized, uncatalogued, and physically scattered materials; primary sources include letters and manuscripts from a range of archival and personal collections, audio and video interviews, and original scientific publications. Now a substantial amount of uninterrupted time is needed to write introductions and bridging sections to essays by the contributors to give focus and context to the whole, to edit the extensive drafts into a readable story, and to produce a fully documented book manuscript. The intended audience is medical researchers, educators, lay readers, students, scholars, and thousands of biophysicists, biochemists, and biologists.

描述（由申请人提供）： 这是一个项目，完成写作和编辑现代细胞生物学起源的第一个历史。它是在20世纪40年代从细胞学、显微解剖学、生物化学和生物物理学中锻造出来的。新的工具和技术使研究人员能够发现以前未知的细胞内部结构，并确定这些结构如何工作。细胞生物学，进一步推动了遗传学的进步，需要生理学的解释，继续解释细胞如何在健康和疾病。因此，对这一领域的理解对生物学和医学至关重要。这是一部传统的历史，讲述了这门科学如何在很大程度上起源于二战前一个研究癌症的实验室，并催生了结合电子显微镜、离心机和生化分析来探索细胞的研究人员。这些科学家成立了一个一流的学会和杂志，并培训了其他人，然后他们在世界各地建立了实验室。本书首先概述了新科学的起源，接着详细描述了阿尔伯特·克劳德、基思·波特和乔治·帕拉德的开创性研究，接下来是他们的22位合作者和学生撰写的章节。重点是科学，新颖的方法和科学家。这个故事不断地将实验背后的思考与对科学探究的个人本质、改变观点的价值以及基础医学研究过程的洞察结合起来。背景研究已经进行了六年多，定位无组织，未编目和物理分散的材料;主要来源包括一系列档案和个人收藏的信件和手稿，音频和视频采访以及原始科学出版物。现在需要大量的不间断的时间来写介绍和衔接部分的论文的贡献者给重点和上下文的整体，编辑广泛的草稿成一个可读的故事，并产生一个完整的记录书稿。目标读者是医学研究人员、教育工作者、非专业读者、学生、学者和成千上万的生物药理学家、生物化学家和生物学家。