Spatial Representations and Attention

几项将行为方法与神经病患者的解剖学数据相结合的研究证实了大脑皮质中有两个非常普遍的处理流程，一个涉及空间处理(枕顶叶)，另一个涉及对物体及其特征的感知和识别(枕叶-颞叶)。然而，我们使用计时测量的初步工作表明，尽管双侧背侧病变相对较大，空间能力几乎完全丧失，但空间地图在空间意识水平以下完好无损。这些发现来自于其他的初步工作，表明人类的双侧枕顶损伤影响了特征的绑定方式(可能是通过腹侧/背侧的相互作用)，这表明背部空间功能在物体知觉中的作用比之前认识的更大。当出现广泛的空间知觉丧失时，就像双侧背流受损一样，形状知觉仍然存在，但形状与表面特征(如颜色、大小或运动)的结合严重中断。特征的正确绑定似乎需要依赖于背部系统的明确空间知识。尽管隐含的空间信息仍然完好无损，但适当的绑定似乎需要明确的意识。这一证据与多种空间地图一致。两组拟议的研究旨在探索可能扰乱隐含空间信息的目标区域，并确定双侧背部损伤与单侧损伤的关系，单侧损伤通常会导致其他空间缺陷，如单侧注意力不集中或半封闭。其他几组研究的目的是开始探索认知操作，这些操作有助于在神经心理综合症中观察到内隐空间效应。这些研究应该有助于确定皮质损伤的影响和保持完好的潜在机制，潜在地有助于康复努力和患者管理。这部作品的翻译潜力增加了提案的力度。

Several studies that combine behavioral methods with anatomical data in neurological patients have complimented evidence for two very general processing streams through the cortex, one involved in spatial processing (occipital-parietal) and the other in the perception and recognition of objects and their features (occipital-temporal). However, our preliminary work using chronometric measures reveals that despite the nearly complete loss of spatial abilities with relatively large bilateral dorsal lesions, spatial maps existed intact below the level of spatial awareness. These findings evolved from other preliminary work showing that bilateral occipital-parietal damage in humans affects how features are bound (presumably through ventral /dorsal interactions), suggesting a larger role for dorsal spatial functioning in object perception than previously recognized. When extensive loss of spatial awareness occurs, as with bilateral damage to the dorsal stream, shape perception remains but binding shape to surface features such as color, size or motion is severely disrupted. The proper binding of features appears to require explicit spatial knowledge that relies on dorsal systems. Although implicit spatial information remains intact, proper binding appears to require explicit awareness. The evidence is consistent with multiple spatial maps. Two sets of proposed studies are designed to explore targeted regions that may disrupt implicit spatial information and to determine the relationship of bilateral dorsal damage to unilateral damage that often produce other spatial deficits such as seen with unilateral inattention or hemineglect. Other sets of studies are designed to begin to explore the cognitive operations that contribute to implicit spatial effects observed in neuropsychological syndromes. The studies should help to determine the impact of cortical damage and underlying mechanisms that remain intact, potentially aiding in rehabilitation efforts and patient management. The translational potential of the work adds to the proposal's strength.