Attentional Processing in Face Perception

面部感知中的注意处理

• 批准号: 7900304
• 负责人: LYNN Clarine ROBERTSON
• 金额: $ 34.56万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-25 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7900304
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Affect; Area; Attention; Behavioral; Blindness; Brain; Brain Injuries; Categories; Characteristics; Chronic; Classification; Cognitive; Collaborations; Competence; Complex; Confusion; Detection; Development; Discrimination; Electroencephalography; Event; Eye; Face; Face Processing; Frequencies; Funding; Genetic; Germany; Goals; Group Processes; Grouping; Hand; Human; Incentives; Individual; Infarction; Injury; Laboratories; Lateral; Lead; Learning; Lesion; Literature; Measures; Methodology; Metric; Modeling; Normal Statistical Distribution; Nose; Oral cavity; Participant; Patients; Perception; Performance; Phenotype; Population; Positioning Attribute; Principal Investigator; Process; Process Measure; Prosopagnosia; Psychologist; Publications; Publishing; Rehabilitation therapy; Reliance; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Series; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Staging; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Study Section; Surface; Surveys; Tail; Testing; Time; Training Programs; Variant; Visual; Visual Fields; Work; acquired prosopagnosia; base; behavior measurement; design; experience; face perception; hemisphere damage; improved; interest; middle cerebral artery; neglect; neuromechanism; neuropsychological; peace; perceptual organization; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; selective attention; skills; social; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Face discrimination is an outstanding example of human perceptual expertise, as it requires discrimination at the individual exemplar level within a highly homogeneous category of stimuli with similar global organization. Yet the ability to recognize a face seems effortless and is normally very efficient. To achieve this level of efficiency, specially-tuned perceptual processes are triggered when physiognomic qualities signal the existence of a face in the visual field. These processes include the analysis of characteristic face features (e.g. shape of the eyes, arc of the nose, etc.) as well as the computation of precise spatial metrics between the features themselves as well as their spatial relations to the outer contour of a face. Combining results reported in the literature with those found during our previous funding period, we propose that in the absence of quick and efficient basic-level categorization of visual stimuli as faces, the additional computations that allow discrimination among individual faces are either not elicited or are elicited disproportionately by face compared to objects. The consequence of such a state is impaired or inefficient face identification and, in extreme cases, "face blindness", as can be observed in some individuals who never learn to identify faces (often referred to as congenital prosopagnosia or CP). One goal of the proposed experiments is to further explore individual variations in face processing among participants with normal face identification abilities as well as face identification deficits in CP and other face deficient populations. We also propose studies of face perception in selected patients with right hemisphere damage due to stroke for whom local processing can be relatively spared while global organization is impaired. We will continue to collect EEG and behavioral to study the perceptual and neural mechanisms underlying successful face perception. The studies proposed are expected to increase our understanding of the extraordinary human ability of face identification. Importantly, the results also will be useful for the development of training programs that would help to improve this socially important skill (see an example from our own research described in the preliminary studies section of this proposal). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Prosopagnosia is a perceptual condition in which a face can be recognized as a face but cannot be discriminated from other faces despite intact visual, cognitive and other perceptual abilities. It can occur as a result of damage to certain areas of the human brain (acquired prosopagnosia) or as a developmental deficit (congenital prosopagnosia). Given the importance of face recognition skills in normal social discourse, understanding the cognitive and neural mechanisms associated with this ability will lead to greater understanding of how the brain performs this complex perceptual act as well as guide the direction of rehabilitation measures designed to enhance face recognition functions.

描述（由申请人提供）：面部辨别是人类感知专业知识的一个突出例子，因为它需要在具有相似全球组织的高度同质的刺激类别内进行个体样本级别的辨别。然而，识别面孔的能力似乎毫不费力，而且通常非常有效。为了达到这种效率水平，当面相特征表明视野中存在面孔时，就会触发专门调整的感知过程。这些过程包括分析典型的面部特征（例如眼睛的形状、鼻子的弧度等）以及计算特征本身之间的精确空间度量以及它们与面部外部轮廓的空间关系。将文献中报告的结果与我们之前资助期间发现的结果相结合，我们提出，在缺乏对视觉刺激作为面部的快速有效的基本分类的情况下，允许区分个体面部的额外计算要么不会被引出，要么被面部与物体相比不成比例地引出。这种状态的后果是面部识别受损或效率低下，在极端情况下，会出现“面部失明”，正如在一些从未学会识别面部的人中观察到的那样（通常称为先天性面容失认症或 CP）。拟议实验的目标之一是进一步探索具有正常人脸识别能力的参与者在人脸处理方面的个体差异，以及 CP 和其他人脸缺陷人群的人脸识别缺陷。我们还建议对因中风而右半球受损的特定患者进行面部感知研究，这些患者的局部处理相对不受损害，而整体组织受损。我们将继续收集脑电图和行为数据来研究成功面部感知背后的感知和神经机制。所提出的研究预计将增加我们对人类非凡的面部识别能力的理解。重要的是，研究结果也将有助于制定培训计划，从而有助于提高这种对社会重要的技能（请参阅本提案的初步研究部分中描述的我们自己的研究示例）。 公共健康相关性 面容失认症是一种感知疾病，尽管视觉、认知和其他感知能力完好无损，但仍无法将一张脸识别为一张脸，但无法将其与其他面孔区分开来。它可能是由于人脑某些区域受损（获得性面容失认症）或发育缺陷（先天性面容失认症）而发生的。鉴于面部识别技能在正常社会话语中的重要性，了解与这种能力相关的认知和神经机制将有助于更好地理解大脑如何执行这种复杂的感知行为，并指导旨在增强面部识别功能的康复措施的方向。