Attentional Processing in Face Perception

面部感知中的注意处理

• 批准号: 7767009
• 负责人: LYNN Clarine ROBERTSON
• 金额: $ 33.16万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-25 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7767009
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Area; Attention; Attenuated; Behavioral; Blindness; Brain; Brain Injuries; Categories; Characteristics; Cognitive; Complex; Development; Discrimination; Electroencephalography; Event; Eye; Face; Face Processing; Foundations; Frequencies; Funding; Goals; Human; Image; Individual; Individuation; Knowledge; Lateral; Lead; Learning; Literature; Measures; Memory; Methodology; Metric; Normal Statistical Distribution; Nose; Oral cavity; Participant; Patients; Pattern; Population; Principal Investigator; Process; Property; Prosopagnosia; Publishing; Rehabilitation therapy; Reliance; Reporting; Research; Semantics; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stimulus; Stroke; Study Section; Tail; Testing; Training Programs; Variant; Visual; Visual Fields; Work; acquired prosopagnosia; base; behavior measurement; design; experience; face perception; hemisphere damage; improved; indexing; neglect; neuromechanism; neuropsychological; perceptual organization; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; skills; social; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Face discrimination is an outstanding example of human perceptual expertise, as it requires discrimination at the individual exemplar level within a highly homogeneous category of stimuli with similar global organization. Yet the ability to recognize a face seems effortless and is normally very efficient. To achieve this level of efficiency, specially-tuned perceptual processes are triggered when physiognomic qualities signal the existence of a face in the visual field. These processes include the analysis of characteristic face features (e.g. shape of the eyes, arc of the nose, etc.) as well as the computation of precise spatial metrics between the features themselves as well as their spatial relations to the outer contour of a face. Combining results reported in the literature with those found during our previous funding period, we propose that in the absence of quick and efficient basic-level categorization of visual stimuli as faces, the additional computations that allow discrimination among individual faces are either not elicited or are elicited disproportionately by face compared to objects. The consequence of such a state is impaired or inefficient face identification and, in extreme cases, "face blindness", as can be observed in some individuals who never learn to identify faces (often referred to as congenital prosopagnosia or CP). One goal of the proposed experiments is to further explore individual variations in face processing among participants with normal face identification abilities as well as face identification deficits in CP and other face deficient populations. We also propose studies of face perception in selected patients with right hemisphere damage due to stroke for whom local processing can be relatively spared while global organization is impaired. We will continue to collect EEG and behavioral to study the perceptual and neural mechanisms underlying successful face perception. The studies proposed are expected to increase our understanding of the extraordinary human ability of face identification. Importantly, the results also will be useful for the development of training programs that would help to improve this socially important skill (see an example from our own research described in the preliminary studies section of this proposal). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Prosopagnosia is a perceptual condition in which a face can be recognized as a face but cannot be discriminated from other faces despite intact visual, cognitive and other perceptual abilities. It can occur as a result of damage to certain areas of the human brain (acquired prosopagnosia) or as a developmental deficit (congenital prosopagnosia). Given the importance of face recognition skills in normal social discourse, understanding the cognitive and neural mechanisms associated with this ability will lead to greater understanding of how the brain performs this complex perceptual act as well as guide the direction of rehabilitation measures designed to enhance face recognition functions.

描述（由申请人提供）：人脸识别是人类感知专业知识的一个突出例子，因为它需要在具有类似全球组织的高度同质的刺激类别内的个体样本水平上进行识别。然而，识别人脸的能力似乎毫不费力，而且通常非常有效。为了达到这种效率水平，当外貌特征发出信号表明视野中存在人脸时，就会触发经过特殊调整的感知过程。这些过程包括分析面部特征（例如眼睛的形状，鼻子的弧度等）。以及计算特征本身之间的精确空间度量以及它们与面部外轮廓的空间关系。结合文献中报告的结果与我们以前的资助期间发现的结果，我们提出，在没有快速有效的基本水平分类的视觉刺激的面孔，额外的计算，允许个人面孔之间的歧视要么不引起或引起不成比例的脸相比，对象。这种状态的后果是面部识别受损或效率低下，并且在极端情况下，“面部失明”，如在一些从未学会识别面部的个体中可以观察到的（通常被称为先天性面容失认症或CP）。拟议的实验的一个目标是进一步探讨个体差异，在面部处理与正常的面部识别能力，以及面部识别缺陷的CP和其他面临的人口。我们还提出了面部知觉的研究，在选定的患者与右半球损伤，由于中风的局部处理可以相对幸免，而全球组织受损。我们将继续收集脑电图和行为，研究成功的面孔知觉的知觉和神经机制。这些研究有望增加我们对人类非凡的人脸识别能力的理解。重要的是，这些结果也将有助于开发有助于提高这一社会重要技能的培训计划（参见本提案的初步研究部分中描述的我们自己的研究中的一个例子）。 公共卫生相关性 面孔失认症是一种知觉状况，其中一张脸可以被识别为一张脸，但不能与其他面孔区分开来，尽管视觉，认知和其他知觉能力完好。它可能是由于人类大脑某些区域的损伤（获得性面容失认症）或发育缺陷（先天性面容失认症）而发生的。鉴于人脸识别技能在正常社会话语中的重要性，理解与这种能力相关的认知和神经机制将有助于更好地理解大脑如何执行这种复杂的感知行为，并指导旨在增强人脸识别功能的康复措施的方向。