Multitheoretical Approach to Prevent HIV Among Women

描述（由申请人提供）：艾滋病毒/艾滋病是一个日益严重的威胁，妇女在伊利诺伊州中部。 因贫穷、吸毒和/或性交易而被边缘化的妇女因共用针头、与艾滋病毒阳性的浪漫伴侣发生无保护措施的性行为或与艾滋病毒阳性的伴侣进行性交易而感染艾滋病毒的风险很高。 这项试点研究旨在测试干预措施的有效性，以帮助妇女正确和一致地使用男用或女用避孕套。 具体目标包括：1）测试干预措施对增加安全套使用的有效性; 2）评估干预措施的可接受性; 3）解释安全套使用结果测量的变异性。 研究结果将用于为高危妇女制定全面的艾滋病毒预防计划。 为了指导这项研究，一个折衷的模型将把自我效能、性别和权力的联合收割机理论与觉醒理论结合起来，觉醒理论是一种关于改变行为的自然机会的理论。 目标人群是从县拘留所或戒毒中心出来的异性恋妇女，18岁或以上，不打算怀孕，会说英语，艾滋病毒阴性，能够给予知情同意，住在姆克林或尚潘县。 该设计将结合联合收割机随机临床试验和扎根理论方法。 主要假设是：1）治疗组的女性比对照组的女性更少进行无保护的阴道性交; 2）治疗组的女性比对照组的女性更经常正确使用男用或女用避孕套。 女性（N=80）将被随机分配到治疗组和对照组（每组40人），在干预前和干预后收集数据，并在3个月和6个月进行随访。 将使用多变量技术分析定量数据，包括重复测量ANOVA、分层回归和路径分析。 在最后的数据收集点之后，将挑选妇女（N=20）参加单独的深入访谈，目的是使用扎根理论进行理论三角测量。 访谈数据将被用来阐明假设检验，方差的结果措施，自我效能，性别和权力之间的关系的性质和觉醒妇女的性沟通和谈判技巧，以及避孕套的使用。 定性数据将使用持续比较进行分析。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): HIV/AIDS is a growing threat to women in central Illinois. Women marginalized by poverty, drug use, and/or sex trading are at high risk for contracting HIV from sharing needles, having unprotected sex with romantic partners who are HIV positive, or trading sex with partners who are HIV positive. This pilot study is designed to test the effectiveness of an intervention to help women correctly and consistently use male or female condoms. Specific objectives include: 1) Test the effectiveness of the intervention to increase condom use; 2) Evaluate the acceptability of the intervention; and 3) Explain variability on outcome measures of condom use. Findings will be used to develop a comprehensive HIV prevention program for women at high risk. To guide the study an eclectic model will combine theories of self efficacy, gender, and power with awakening, a theory about natural opportunities for changing behavior. The target population is heterosexual women exiting county detention facilities or drug treatment centers, 18 years or older, not planning a pregnancy, English speaking, HIV negative, able to give informed consent, and living in McLean or Champaign County. The design will combine a randomized clinical trial and grounded theory methodology. Main hypotheses are: 1) Women in the treatment group will engage in fewer unprotected episodes of vaginal intercourse than women in the comparison group; and 2) Women in the treatment group will use male or female condoms correctly more often than women in the comparison group. Women (N=80) will be randomly assigned to treatment and comparison groups (40 each) with pre and post intervention data collection and follow-up at three and six months. Multivariate techniques will be used to analyze quantitative data including repeated measures ANOVA, hierarchical regression, and path analysis. Following the final data collection point women (N=20) will be selected to participate in single in-depth interviews for the purpose of theoretical triangulation using grounded theory. Interview data will be used to shed light on hypothesis testing, variance on outcome measures, and the nature of relationships between self-efficacy, gender, and power and awakening to women's sexual communication and negotiation skills, and condom use. Qualitative data will be analyzed using constant comparison.