Biomechanics of Pediatric Head Injury

小儿头部损伤的生物力学

• 批准号: 6639622
• 负责人: Susan Sheps Margulies
• 金额: $ 54.07万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-15 至 2006-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6639622
• 关键词: age difference; bioengineering /biomedical engineering; biological models; biomechanics; brain injury; clinical research; computer simulation; diagnosis design /evaluation; disease /disorder etiology; disease /disorder prevention /control; growth /development; head /neck injury; human data; human tissue; immunocytochemistry; mathematical model; model design /development; neuroanatomy; newborn animals; pathologic process; pediatrics; physical property; skull; statistics /biometry; swine; weanling animal

Head injury is a leading cause of death and acquired disability in childhood. However, the biomechanics of pediatric head injury are poorly understood, primarily due to, the paucity of age-specific data regarding mechanical properties of immature tissue and its response to specific loads. The interdisciplinary proposed research plan is designed to answer the following question: What mechanisms cause what injuries in children of what age? The long-term objectives of the proposed research plan are to determine mechanical properties of the skull and brain, the loads they can withstand safely, and unique mechanisms for primary brain injury in infants (less than 3 months) and young children (1-3 years). In so doing, the long term impact of proposed research plan will be to open pathways for enhanced traumatic head injury prevention, detection, and treatment strategies specific to infants and toddlers. Both contact and non-contact mechanisms of brain injury will be investigated. The research plan uses an integrated bioengineering approach consisting of animal experiments, human and animal tissue tests, clinical studies, and anthropomorphic surrogates, all complemented by mathematical models to: A) measure pediatric tissue injury thresholds for acute neural, vascular, and blood-brain barrier damage B) measure pediatric skull and brain tissue mechanical properties C) create computational models for infant and toddler head injury using (A) and (B) D) qualitatively validate the computational model predictions with witnessed accidental head injuries in children E) measure loads experienced anthropomorphic surrogates during falls, shakes, and inflicted impacts F) determine the relative roles of impact forces and inertial loads in the etiology of primary brain injuries G) compare the computational simulations with acute clinical data to infer potential mechanisms of injury in non-accidental head injury. The overall hypotheses of the proposed research program are that 1) thresholds for skull fracture and tissue injury and mechanical properties of the brain and skull vary with age, such that both contribute to differences in primary head injuries between infants and toddlers, and 2) the increased compliance of the infant skull results in greater brain tissue injury from impact trauma; and 3) a valid computational model can be created to predict specific primary injuries resulting from a given reported mechanism.

头部损伤是儿童死亡和后天残疾的主要原因。 然而，儿科头部损伤的生物力学知之甚少，主要是由于缺乏有关未成熟组织的力学特性及其对特定载荷的响应的年龄特定数据。 这项跨学科的研究计划旨在回答以下问题：什么机制导致什么年龄的儿童受到什么伤害？ 拟议研究计划的长期目标是确定颅骨和大脑的机械特性，它们可以安全承受的负荷，以及婴儿（小于3个月）和幼儿（1-3岁）原发性脑损伤的独特机制。 在这样做的过程中，拟议的研究计划的长期影响将是开辟途径，加强创伤性头部损伤的预防，检测和治疗策略，具体到婴儿和幼儿。 将研究接触和非接触性脑损伤的机制。 该研究计划采用综合生物工程方法，包括动物实验，人体和动物组织测试，临床研究和拟人替代品，所有这些都辅以数学模型：A）测量急性神经，血管，和血脑屏障损伤B）测量小儿颅骨和脑组织的机械性能C）使用（A）和（B）D）定性地验证具有目击的儿童意外头部损伤的计算模型预测E）测量在福尔斯、摇晃期间拟人替代物经历的负荷，F）确定冲击力和惯性负荷在原发性脑损伤病因学中的相对作用G）将计算模拟与急性临床数据进行比较，以推断非创伤性脑损伤的潜在机制。头部意外受伤本研究的总体假设是：1）颅骨骨折和组织损伤的阈值以及大脑和颅骨的机械特性随年龄而变化，这两者都有助于婴儿和幼儿之间原发性头部损伤的差异，以及2）婴儿颅骨的顺应性增加导致撞击创伤引起的脑组织损伤更大;以及3）可以创建有效的计算模型来预测由给定的报告机制导致的特定原发性损伤。