ACTIVITY AND OBESITY IN US BLACK & NIGERIAN WOMEN

描述（来自申请人摘要的摘要）：肥胖症的流行具有以下特征： 在过去，几乎在美国的每一个子群体中都有所增加， 几十年尽管肥胖及其对健康的影响很好 描述，相关的流行病学决定因素尚未确定， 无论是个人还是群体。肥胖是一种复杂的疾病， 病因学;尽管如此，潜在的过程必须是过度的结果。 能量摄入与能量消耗的关系组件的重要性 能源预算，即，每日总能量消耗（TDEE），静息 代谢率（RMR），身体活动（即，非静息EE）和能量 然而，摄入量（EI）还不太清楚。 迄今为止，由于方法上的限制， 肥胖的流行病学决定因素。简单地说，没有敏感的 目前流行病学中使用的TDEE、体力活动或EI指标 问题研究双标记水（DLW）确实提供了一种有效和可靠的方法， 测量自由生活个体的TDEE。肥胖及其后遗症是非常 在非洲裔美国妇女中普遍存在，但在遗传学上并不常见。 相关的人口在尼日利亚。这种自然的对比提供了一种独特的 研究肥胖风险演变的机会。我们会研究 个体能量收支与体重增加之间的关系 然后比较各组之间的模式。我们 也将决定各组成部分之间的关系， 能量预算和相关的心血管疾病的次要危险因素。 这项研究将测试以下主要假设：低体力活动 水平，（即，非静息EE）使女性处于体重增加和增加的风险中 体内脂肪为了检验这一假设，我们将使用DLW和RMR测量， 确定200名非洲裔美国人的基于人口的样本的能量预算 和200名尼日利亚妇女。非静息EE和RMR之间的关系， 然后将在一项为期3年的前瞻性研究中检查体重增加。我们还将 使用常规方法获得补充人体测量和生理数据 例如问卷调查和血液测试。拟议的研究将不使用 生态设计，因为结论将基于以下关系定义 个人，而不是群体的比较。

DESCRIPTION (Abstract from applicant's abstract): The prevalence of obesity has increased in virtually every sub-population in the United States over the past few decades. Although obesity and its implications for health are well described, the associated epidemiologic determinants have not been defined for either individuals or populations. Obesity is a complex disorder with multiple etiologies; nonetheless, the underlying process must be a result of excessive energy intake relative to energy expenditure. The importance of the components of the energy budget, i.e., total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), resting metabolic rate (RMR), physical activity (i.e., non-resting EE), and energy intake (EI), is not well understood, however. To date, methodological constraints have made it difficult to unravel the epidemiologic determinants of obesity. Simply put, there are no sensitive measures of TDEE, physical activity or EI presently being used in epidemiologic studies. Doubly labeled water (DLW) does provide a valid and reliable method of measuring TDEE in free-living individuals. Obesity and its sequelae are very prevalent among African-American women, but infrequent among the genetically related population in Nigeria. This natural contrast provides a unique opportunity to study the evolution of obesity risk. We will examine the relationships between the energy budget and weight gain at the individual level in each of these populations, and then compare the patterns across groups. We will also determine the relationship between the various components of the energy budget and associated secondary risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study will test the following primary hypothesis: low physical activity levels, (i.e., non-resting EE) place women at risk for weight gain and increase in body fat. To test this hypothesis, we will use DLW and RMR measurements to determine the energy budget in population-based samples of 200 African-American and 200 Nigerian women. The relationship between non-resting EE and RMR and weight gain will then be examined in a 3-year prospective study. We will also obtain complementary anthropometrics and physiologic data using routine methods such as questionnaires and blood tests. The proposed study will not use an ecologic design, since conclusions will be based relationships defined among individuals, not the comparison of group means.