ACTIVITY AND OBESITY IN US BLACK & NIGERIAN WOMEN

描述(摘自申请者摘要)：肥胖症患病率 在过去的几年里，美国几乎每一个亚群的人口都在增加 几十年了。尽管肥胖及其对健康的影响是很好的 相关的流行病学决定因素还没有定义 无论是个体还是群体。肥胖是一种复杂的疾病，具有多个 病因；然而，潜在的过程必须是过度的结果 能量摄入量相对于能量消耗。组件的重要性 能源预算，即每日总能源消耗(TDEE)，休息 代谢率(RMR)、体力活动(即非静息EE)和能量 然而，摄入量(EI)还没有被很好地理解。 到目前为止，方法上的限制使得很难解开 肥胖的流行病学决定因素。简单地说，没有敏感的 目前用于流行病学的TDEE、体力活动或EI的测量方法 学习。双标记水(DLW)确实提供了一种有效和可靠的方法 测量自由生活个体的TDEE。肥胖及其后遗症非常严重 在非裔美国女性中很常见，但在遗传性女性中很少见 尼日利亚的相关人口。这种自然的对比提供了一种独特的 有机会研究肥胖风险的演变。我们将研究 能量平衡与个体体重增加之间的关系 在每个种群中，然后比较不同群体的模式。我们 还将确定各个组件之间的关系 能量收支和相关的心血管疾病的次要风险因素。 这项研究将检验以下基本假设：低体力活动 水平，(即，非静息EE)使女性面临体重增加和增加的风险 在体脂方面。为了验证这一假设，我们将使用DLW和RMR测量来 在200名非裔美国人的人口样本中确定能源收支 还有200名尼日利亚女性。非静息EE与RMR的关系 体重增加将在一项为期3年的前瞻性研究中进行检查。我们还将 使用常规方法获取互补的人体测量和生理数据 比如问卷和验血。拟议的研究不会使用 生态设计，因为结论将基于 个人，而不是群体手段的比较。

DESCRIPTION (Abstract from applicant's abstract): The prevalence of obesity has increased in virtually every sub-population in the United States over the past few decades. Although obesity and its implications for health are well described, the associated epidemiologic determinants have not been defined for either individuals or populations. Obesity is a complex disorder with multiple etiologies; nonetheless, the underlying process must be a result of excessive energy intake relative to energy expenditure. The importance of the components of the energy budget, i.e., total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), resting metabolic rate (RMR), physical activity (i.e., non-resting EE), and energy intake (EI), is not well understood, however. To date, methodological constraints have made it difficult to unravel the epidemiologic determinants of obesity. Simply put, there are no sensitive measures of TDEE, physical activity or EI presently being used in epidemiologic studies. Doubly labeled water (DLW) does provide a valid and reliable method of measuring TDEE in free-living individuals. Obesity and its sequelae are very prevalent among African-American women, but infrequent among the genetically related population in Nigeria. This natural contrast provides a unique opportunity to study the evolution of obesity risk. We will examine the relationships between the energy budget and weight gain at the individual level in each of these populations, and then compare the patterns across groups. We will also determine the relationship between the various components of the energy budget and associated secondary risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study will test the following primary hypothesis: low physical activity levels, (i.e., non-resting EE) place women at risk for weight gain and increase in body fat. To test this hypothesis, we will use DLW and RMR measurements to determine the energy budget in population-based samples of 200 African-American and 200 Nigerian women. The relationship between non-resting EE and RMR and weight gain will then be examined in a 3-year prospective study. We will also obtain complementary anthropometrics and physiologic data using routine methods such as questionnaires and blood tests. The proposed study will not use an ecologic design, since conclusions will be based relationships defined among individuals, not the comparison of group means.