Modeling the epidemiologic transition: Energy expenditure, obesity and diabetes

流行病学转变建模：能量消耗、肥胖和糖尿病

• 批准号: 7579411
• 负责人: Amy H Luke
• 金额: $ 70.16万
• 依托单位: LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-10 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7579411
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Body Composition; Body Weight; Body fat; Calories; Communities; Country; Data; Desire for food; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dietary intake; Ecology; Energy Metabolism; Epidemic; Epidemiologic Studies; Generations; Glucose; Government; Guidelines; Hormones; Hour; Individual; Insulin; International; Jamaica; Label; Leptin; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Nigeria; Obesity; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Persons; Physical activity; Population; Population Study; Prevalence; Prevention Guidelines; Public Health; Questionnaires; Recommendation; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Relative (related person); Request for Applications; Rest; Risk; Role; Sampling; Seychelles; Site; Societies; South Africa; Testing; Time; Ursidae Family; Water; Weight; Weight Gain; adiponectin; age related; experience; fasting glucose; follow-up; ghrelin; insulin sensitivity; obesity risk; prevent; public health relevance; response; tool; trend; water sampling

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Populations all over the world are experiencing rapid increases in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. To date, the public health response to the emerging obesity epidemic has been almost totally ineffective. Professional bodies and governments have issued prevention guidelines, all of which include recommendations on levels of physical activity. However, it is not clear that the current recommendations to increase physical activity would reverse the trend in age-related weight gain. In fact, there is virtually no direct evidence that can be brought to bear on the question of whether the obesity epidemic has resulted primarily or even partially from society-wide declines in habitual physical activity. Our objectives with this project are to examine whether an individuals' amount of activity energy expenditure (AEE) is related to adiposity and adiposity/diabetes-related hormones in a diverse sample of 2500, and to test the ecological hypothesis that a decline in levels of AEE is an important cause of the increases in obesity that are currently taking place in many societies. Our aim is to use doubly labeled water and/or accelerometers to objectively measure activity energy expenditure in community samples from five adult populations across the spectrum of obesity risk. From each site, i.e., Nigeria, South Africa, Seychelles, Jamaica and the US, 500 black adults will be recruited. In all participants, AEE will be measured using accelerometers and in a subset of 75 per site, AEE will also be measured by doubly labeled water. The doubly labeled water sample will be used to confirm site-specific concordance with the accelerometer measurements and to estimate population mean levels of AEE. In addition, body composition, dietary intake, fasting glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin will assessed. The relationships between calories expended in activity and body composition, dietary intake, glucose, hormones and adipocytokines, both within and between each population using doubly labeled water and accelerometers will be examined. Weight will be measured at 12 and 24-months and AEE by accelerometer will be assessed again at 2-years of follow-up and associations between change in AEE and change in weight assessed. The central purpose of our proposed project is to test whether AEE or change in AEE can be identified as a contributory mechanism to population- wide weight gain and, if so, to quantify its importance. In addition, we seek to understand the interrelationships between the adipocytokines and the hormones ghrelin and insulin, and EE in the regulation of body weight across the continuum of BMI represented by these five populations. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Guidelines for the amount of physical activity that might prevent obesity have taken on considerable public health importance. To date, however, measurement of physical activity has been very crude. We propose to conduct a large international study to define the impact of daily activity level on the risk of weight gain and obesity.

描述（由申请人提供）：世界各地的人口正在经历肥胖和糖尿病患病率的快速增加。迄今为止，针对新出现的肥胖流行病的公共卫生应对措施几乎完全无效。专业机构和政府已经发布了预防指南，所有指南都包括有关身体活动水平的建议。然而，目前尚不清楚目前增加体力活动的建议是否会扭转与年龄相关的体重增加的趋势。事实上，几乎没有直接证据可以证明肥胖流行是否主要或部分是由于全社会习惯性身体活动减少造成的。我们该项目的目标是在 2500 名不同样本中检查个体的活动能量消耗 (AEE) 量是否与肥胖和肥胖/糖尿病相关激素相关，并检验生态假设，即 AEE 水平下降是当前许多社会中肥胖增加的一个重要原因。我们的目标是使用双标记水和/或加速度计来客观测量五个成年人群的社区样本中的活动能量消耗，这些样本涵盖肥胖风险范围。将从尼日利亚、南非、塞舌尔、牙买加和美国等每个地点招募 500 名黑人成年人。在所有参与者中，AEE 将使用加速度计进行测量，并且在每个站点 75 个参与者的子集中，AEE 还将通过双标记水进行测量。双标记水样将用于确认特定地点与加速度计测量值的一致性，并估计 AEE 的群体平均水平。此外，还将评估身体成分、饮食摄入量、空腹血糖、胰岛素、脂联素、瘦素和生长素释放肽。将使用双标记水和加速度计检查每个人群内部和之间活动消耗的卡路里与身体成分、饮食摄入、葡萄糖、激素和脂肪细胞因子之间的关系。将在 12 个月和 24 个月时测量体重，并在 2 年随访时再次评估加速度计的 AEE，并评估 AEE 变化与体重变化之间的关联。我们提出的项目的中心目的是测试 AEE 或 AEE 的变化是否可以被确定为人群体重增加的贡献机制，如果是的话，量化其重要性。此外，我们还试图了解脂肪细胞因子与生长激素释放肽和胰岛素以及 EE 在这五个人群代表的 BMI 连续体中体重调节中的相互关系。公共卫生相关性 可预防肥胖的体力活动量指南具有相当大的公共卫生重要性。然而，迄今为止，体力活动的测量还非常粗略。我们建议进行一项大型国际研究，以确定日常活动水平对体重增加和肥胖风险的影响。