Rapid Assessment of Drug Law & Policy in the FSU & CEE

描述（由申请人提供）：NIDA基于科学的指南推荐全面的、社区驱动的干预措施，以预防注射吸毒者中的艾滋病毒。本研究使用一种新的快速政策评估和反应（RPAR）过程来应对中欧和东欧注射吸毒者（IDUs）预防艾滋病毒的法律结构性障碍。该方案以世界卫生组织的快速评估和反应进程为基础，将法律和政策研究纳入其中，重点是法律和政策的执行，作为构成注射剂健康风险的因素。该建议还包括对乌克兰、波兰和俄罗斯实施《区域行动纲领》的情况进行跨国研究，以审查结构性障碍如何在各种不同的条件下——流行病、经济和政治/法律条件下——发挥作用。该项目的具体目标是：1)利用RPAR记录这三个国家的法律和执法实践；2)建设地方律师、社会科学研究人员和公共卫生人员收集和使用有关法律、政策和做法的数据的能力，以促进解决社区卫生问题；3)评估RPAR作为收集数据和培训本地研究人员的手段；4)传播研究成果。计划进行的研究将通过利用RPAR来实现这些目标：收集现有的法律、刑事司法和流行病学数据；建立社区咨询委员会和程序；进行焦点小组（N=90人）；识别和采访关键线人（N=120）；总结和分析产生的定量和定性数据；与社区咨询委员会优先考虑政策和实践反应；并传播结果。RPAR的实施将使用过程措施进行评估，以衡量：1)本地研究和研究产品的生产；2)当地社区参与政策和实践变革；3)在政策或执法实践方面取得进展，有可能减缓疫情。更大的三国分析将使用定性方法进行比较分析，以确定法律和法律实践在哪些方面是区域艾滋病毒风险和社区干预能力的结构性中介和影响因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): NIDA science-based guidelines recommend comprehensive, community-driven interventions to prevent HIV among IDUs. This study uses a new rapid policy assessment and response (RPAR) process to respond to legal structural barriers to HIV prevention among injection drug users (IDUs) in Central and Eastern Europe. The RPAR builds on the World Health Organization's rapid assessment and response process, by integrating into it legal and policy research with a focus on the implementation of law and policy as factors structuring the health risks of IDUs. The proposal also includes a cross-national study of the implementation of the RPAR in Ukraine, Poland and Russia in order to examine how structural barriers operate under a variety of contrasting conditions - epidemic, economic, and political/legal. The specific aims of the project are: 1) to use the RPAR to document laws and law enforcement practices in the three countries; 2) to build the capacity of local lawyers, social science researchers and public health personnel to collect and use data on laws, policies, and practices to foster solutions to community health problems; 3) to evaluate the RPAR as a means of collecting data and training local researchers; and 4) to disseminate the research results. The planned research will achieve these aims by using RPAR to: collect existing legal, criminal justice and epidemiological data; develop a community advisory board and process; conduct focus groups (N=90 individuals); identify and interview key informants (N=120); summarize and analyze the quantitative and qualitative data produced; prioritize policy and practice responses with the community advisory board; and disseminate the results. Implementation of the RPAR will be evaluated using process measures to measure: 1) local research and production of the research product; 2) local community engagement in policy and practice change; and 3) progress towards changes in policies or law enforcement practices with the potential to slow the epidemic. The larger three-country analysis will use qualitative methods to conduct a comparative analysis to identify ways in which law and legal practices are structural mediators of and influence regional HIV risks and community intervention capacity.