Rapid Assessment of Drug Law & Policy in the FSU & CEE

描述（由申请人提供）：NIDA以科学为基础的指导方针建议全面的、社区驱动的干预措施，以预防注射吸毒者中的艾滋病毒。本研究采用了一种新的快速政策评估和反应（RPAR）的过程中，以应对法律的结构性障碍，艾滋病毒预防注射吸毒者（IDUs）在中欧和东欧。该报告以世界卫生组织的快速评估和反应程序为基础，将法律的和政策研究纳入其中，重点是法律和政策的执行，将其作为构成注射吸毒者健康风险的因素。该提案还包括对乌克兰、波兰和俄罗斯执行《区域行动建议》的情况进行跨国研究，以审查结构性障碍如何在各种截然不同的条件下运作-流行病、经济和政治/法律的。该项目的具体目标是：（1）利用《区域行动计划》记录这三个国家的法律和执法做法;（2）培养当地律师、社会科学研究人员和公共卫生人员收集和使用关于法律、政策和做法的数据的能力，以促进解决社区卫生问题;（3）评价《区域行动计划》作为收集数据和培训当地研究人员的一种手段;（4）传播研究成果。计划中的研究将通过以下方式实现这些目标：收集现有的法律的、刑事司法和流行病学数据;建立社区咨询委员会和程序;组织重点小组（N=90个人）;确定和采访关键的信息提供者（N=120）;总结和分析产生的定量和定性数据;与社区咨询委员会确定政策和实践响应的优先次序;并传播结果。将使用过程措施来评估RPAR的执行情况，以衡量：1）当地研究和研究产品的生产; 2）当地社区参与政策和实践变革; 3）在政策或执法实践变革方面取得的进展，这些进展有可能减缓流行病。较大的三国分析将采用定性方法进行比较分析，以确定法律和法律的做法如何在结构上调节和影响区域艾滋病毒风险和社区干预能力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): NIDA science-based guidelines recommend comprehensive, community-driven interventions to prevent HIV among IDUs. This study uses a new rapid policy assessment and response (RPAR) process to respond to legal structural barriers to HIV prevention among injection drug users (IDUs) in Central and Eastern Europe. The RPAR builds on the World Health Organization's rapid assessment and response process, by integrating into it legal and policy research with a focus on the implementation of law and policy as factors structuring the health risks of IDUs. The proposal also includes a cross-national study of the implementation of the RPAR in Ukraine, Poland and Russia in order to examine how structural barriers operate under a variety of contrasting conditions - epidemic, economic, and political/legal. The specific aims of the project are: 1) to use the RPAR to document laws and law enforcement practices in the three countries; 2) to build the capacity of local lawyers, social science researchers and public health personnel to collect and use data on laws, policies, and practices to foster solutions to community health problems; 3) to evaluate the RPAR as a means of collecting data and training local researchers; and 4) to disseminate the research results. The planned research will achieve these aims by using RPAR to: collect existing legal, criminal justice and epidemiological data; develop a community advisory board and process; conduct focus groups (N=90 individuals); identify and interview key informants (N=120); summarize and analyze the quantitative and qualitative data produced; prioritize policy and practice responses with the community advisory board; and disseminate the results. Implementation of the RPAR will be evaluated using process measures to measure: 1) local research and production of the research product; 2) local community engagement in policy and practice change; and 3) progress towards changes in policies or law enforcement practices with the potential to slow the epidemic. The larger three-country analysis will use qualitative methods to conduct a comparative analysis to identify ways in which law and legal practices are structural mediators of and influence regional HIV risks and community intervention capacity.