Rapid Assessment of Drug Law & Policy in the FSU & CEE

描述(由申请人提供)：NIDA以科学为基础的指南建议采取全面的、社区驱动的干预措施，以预防注射吸毒者中的艾滋病毒。这项研究使用一种新的快速政策评估和反应(RPAR)程序，以应对中欧和东欧注射吸毒者(IDU)预防艾滋病毒的法律结构性障碍。RPAR建立在世界卫生组织的快速评估和反应程序的基础上，将法律和政策研究纳入其中，重点放在法律和政策的执行上，作为构建注射吸毒者健康风险的因素。该提案还包括对乌克兰、波兰和俄罗斯实施RPAR的跨国研究，以检查结构性壁垒如何在各种相反的条件下运作--流行病、经济和政治/法律。该项目的具体目标是：1)使用RPAR记录三个国家的法律和执法实践；2)建设当地律师、社会科学研究人员和公共卫生人员收集和使用关于法律、政策和实践的数据的能力，以促进社区健康问题的解决方案；3)评估RPAR作为收集数据和培训当地研究人员的手段；以及4)传播研究成果。计划中的研究将通过使用RPAR来实现这些目标：收集现有的法律、刑事司法和流行病学数据；建立社区咨询委员会和程序；开展重点小组(N=90人)；确定和约谈关键的告密者(N=120)；总结和分析产生的定量和定性数据；确定社区咨询委员会的政策和实践对策的优先次序；以及传播结果。将使用程序措施对RPAR的执行情况进行评估，以衡量：1)研究产品的当地研究和生产；2)当地社区对政策和做法变化的参与；以及3)政策或执法做法变化的进展情况，以减缓疫情的蔓延。较大的三国分析将使用定性方法进行比较分析，以确定法律和法律实践是区域艾滋病毒风险和社区干预能力的结构性调解人并对其产生影响的方式。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): NIDA science-based guidelines recommend comprehensive, community-driven interventions to prevent HIV among IDUs. This study uses a new rapid policy assessment and response (RPAR) process to respond to legal structural barriers to HIV prevention among injection drug users (IDUs) in Central and Eastern Europe. The RPAR builds on the World Health Organization's rapid assessment and response process, by integrating into it legal and policy research with a focus on the implementation of law and policy as factors structuring the health risks of IDUs. The proposal also includes a cross-national study of the implementation of the RPAR in Ukraine, Poland and Russia in order to examine how structural barriers operate under a variety of contrasting conditions - epidemic, economic, and political/legal. The specific aims of the project are: 1) to use the RPAR to document laws and law enforcement practices in the three countries; 2) to build the capacity of local lawyers, social science researchers and public health personnel to collect and use data on laws, policies, and practices to foster solutions to community health problems; 3) to evaluate the RPAR as a means of collecting data and training local researchers; and 4) to disseminate the research results. The planned research will achieve these aims by using RPAR to: collect existing legal, criminal justice and epidemiological data; develop a community advisory board and process; conduct focus groups (N=90 individuals); identify and interview key informants (N=120); summarize and analyze the quantitative and qualitative data produced; prioritize policy and practice responses with the community advisory board; and disseminate the results. Implementation of the RPAR will be evaluated using process measures to measure: 1) local research and production of the research product; 2) local community engagement in policy and practice change; and 3) progress towards changes in policies or law enforcement practices with the potential to slow the epidemic. The larger three-country analysis will use qualitative methods to conduct a comparative analysis to identify ways in which law and legal practices are structural mediators of and influence regional HIV risks and community intervention capacity.