How are precise micro-motor movements executed by the CNS to perform complex bimanual tasks in a virtual environment?

人类对计算机界面的动态使用对全球数十亿人的大脑提出了新的挑战。大脑和肌肉骨骼系统如何适应这些挑战？我们怎样才能训练我们的大脑表现得更好，尤其是在巨大的压力下？电子竞技提供了一个完美的平台来研究大脑是如何通过训练来整合视觉和运动信息的，这些信息可以命令肌肉传入来产生精确的目标导向的微运动。为了理解这一现象，参与者将执行一系列心理物理学任务（视觉和视觉运动），然后在一个新设计的目标训练视频游戏中竞争。将使用多种技术来捕捉行为的不同方面。具体来说，脑电图（EEG）了解视觉信息变化所带来的系统级运动指令变化，下肢和手腕肌肉肌电图（EMG）捕捉运动输出的电生理，下肢运动行为的动作捕捉，眼动追踪（eye-tracking）了解代表什么信息被关注和编码的眼动行为，最后是任务执行（如追踪轨迹准确性和偏离目标）。当所有的数据来源整合在一起时，将产生对复杂的双手目标导向任务表现的最全面的理解，并开发出一种新的范式来研究精英竞争期间的大脑运作。这在神经科学中有着广泛的影响，尤其是在适应性神经生理学和双手运动表现方面。

The dynamic use of computer interfaces by humans poses a new challenge to the brains of many billions of humans around the world. How does the brain and muscular-skeletal system adapt to these challenges? How can we train our brains to perform better, especially under immense pressure? Esports offers a perfect platform to study how the brain changes through training to integrate visual and motor information, which commands muscular afferents to produce precise goal-directed micro-motor movements. To understand this phenomenon, participants will perform a series of psychophysics tasks (visual and then visuo-motor) and then compete in a newly designed aim-training video game. Multiple techniques will be used to capture different aspects of the behaviour. Specifically, EEG to understand system-level changes to motor commands brought about by changing visual information, EMG of lower-forelimb and wrist muscles to capture the electrophysiology of the motor outputs, motion-capture of lower-forelimb movement behaviour, eye-tracking to understand eye-movement behaviour representing what information is being attended to and encoded, and finally task performance (e.g pursuit trajectory accuracy and deviation-from-target). When all the data sources are integrated the most holistic understanding of complex bimanual goal-directed tasks performance will have been produced and a novel paradigm developed to study the brain operations during elite competition. This has wide-reaching implications in neuroscience but especially regarding adaptive neurophysiology and bimanual sport performance.