EXPERIMENTAL-THEORETICAL STUDIES OF COCHLEAR MECHANISMS

耳蜗机制的实验理论研究

• 批准号: 6608553
• 负责人: Dennis M Freeman
• 金额: $ 41.03万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-06-01 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6608553
• 关键词: Chelonia; Xenopus; acidity /alkalinity; auditory stimulus; biomechanics; chickens; chinchilla; cochlea; ear hair cell; gerbil /jird; guinea pigs; laboratory mouse; labyrinth; membrane potentials; neural information processing; organ culture; organ of Corti; osmotic pressure; sensory signal detection; video microscopy

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) The long-term goal of the proposed research is to understand the inner ear mechanisms that determine the neural code that relates sounds to the neural messages sent to the brain. Knowledge of these mechanisms is important for several reasons: (1) It is an intrinsically interesting scientific problem involving integrated knowledge of mechanical, electrical, biological, and chemical processes at the organ, cellular, membrane, and molecular levels. (2) The results should have significance for sensory reception in general, for mechanoreception in particular, and especially for understanding the acoustico-lateralis systems which include the lateral-line organs found in fish and amphibia as well as vestibular and auditory organs found in all vertebrates. (3) This knowledge has important practical applications --- for the delineation of inner-ear disorders (and concomitant suggestions for treatment) and for the design of speech-processing devices such as cochlear implants, hearing aids, speech communication systems, and speech-recognition systems. The specific objectives focus on understanding micromechanical processes by which sound-induced motions of the receptor organ stimulate motions of hair bundles. The tectorial membrane overlies the mechanically sensitive hair bundles and must therefore play a key role in mechanical stimulation of hair cells. However, little is known about even the most basic material properties of the tectorial membrane. Theoretical and experimental studies of the material properties of the tectorial membrane are proposed, in which direct measurements are compared to models, which relate material properties to the molecular architecture of the tectorial membrane and in vitro experimental measurements of sound-induced motions of hair bundles and the overlying tectorial membrane are proposed to directly characterize the role of the tectorial membrane in hearing.

描述：（改编自研究者摘要） 拟议的研究是为了了解决定内耳功能的内耳机制， 将声音与发送到大脑的神经信息联系起来的神经代码。 这些机制的知识是重要的，原因有几个：（1）它是一个 本质上有趣的科学问题，涉及综合知识， 器官的机械、电、生物和化学过程， 细胞、膜和分子水平。(2)结果应该是 一般意义上的感觉接收，机械接收， 特别是，特别是为了了解听觉外侧系统， 包括鱼类和两栖类的侧线器官， 所有脊椎动物都有前庭和听觉器官。(3)这些知识 重要的实际应用-用于描述内耳疾病 (and治疗的同时建议）和设计 语音处理设备，例如耳蜗植入物、助听器、语音处理设备， 通信系统和语音识别系统。 具体目标侧重于理解微观机械过程， 感受器器官的哪些声音引起的运动刺激毛发的运动 捆起来。覆膜覆盖在机械敏感的毛发上 因此必须在毛发的机械刺激中发挥关键作用 细胞然而，即使是最基本的材料属性，人们也知之甚少 覆盖膜的一部分材料的理论和实验研究 提出了覆膜的性质，其中直接测量 与模型进行比较，模型将材料特性与分子 盖膜的结构和体外实验测量 声音引起的毛束运动和覆盖的覆膜 提出直接表征盖膜在 听证会