LEARNING COMPLEX AUDITORY CATEGORIES

学习复杂的听觉类别

• 批准号: 6523569
• 负责人: LORI L HOLT
• 金额: $ 19.99万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6523569
• 关键词: adult human (21+); auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; classification; clinical research; experience; health science research analysis /evaluation; human subject; information systems; language development; mathematical model; meta analysis; multilingualism; noise; phonology; psychological tests; sound; sound perception; speech; speech recognition; statistics /biometry; stimulus /response; training; verbal learning

Exciting new research has promoted a vital sub-field of speech perception research concerned with describing the function of categories in the development and maintenance of language- appropriate perception. Recent work has suggested that at least part of the formation and function of phonetic categories is a result of general perceptual categorization mechanisms not specific to speech or language. Thus, there now appears to be opportunity for an integration of general categorization research with work on first and second language acquisition. Unfortunately, much of what is known about perceptual categorization has been derived from examination of categories that are fundamentally different from phonetic categories. Moreover, it is empirically difficult to examine influences of categorization using speech stimuli because it is extraordinarily difficult to determine a detailed history of experience. Pilot work by the PIs has suggested the utility of using complex non- speech sounds in probing the learning mechanisms that drive auditory categorization. These sounds can be synthesized to mimic complexities of phonetic categories and distributions of stimulus presentation can be theorectically derived to model aspects of phonetic categories while maintaining full experimental control over experience. The main goals of this work are threefold. The first goal is to provide a detailed database of the formation and structure of complex auditory categories. There is a dearth of research in this area and the proposed work will be useful in developing a taxonomy of auditory learning and testing extant models of general perceptual categorization (which have been based primarily on data from visual tasks). Experiments using explicit and incidental learning procedures will map the development of categorical response structures as listeners gain experience with novel stimuli. The second goal is to compare the resulting structures that arise from these categorization tasks to structures typical of speech categories such as categorical perception and the "perceptual magnet" effect. The third goal is to develop efficient methods of exposure and training to teach non-native contrasts to second-language learners. Learning the sound contrasts for a non-native language is an extremely difficult task. Exposing the mechanisms of complex category learning could illuminate potential aids to training individuals to discriminate these complex speech categories. These aids could extend easily to other complex learning tasks such as musical training, acoustic warning systems or auditory data displays.

令人兴奋的新研究促进了言语感知研究的一个重要子领域，该领域关注描述类别在语言适当感知的发展和维持中的功能。 最近的研究表明，语音范畴的形成和功能至少有一部分是一般感知分类机制的结果，而不是特定于言语或语言。 因此，现在似乎有机会整合一般分类研究与第一和第二语言习得的工作。不幸的是，我们对知觉范畴化的了解，大部分都是来自于对与语音范畴根本不同的范畴的考察。此外，从经验上很难检验使用言语刺激的分类的影响，因为确定详细的经验历史非常困难。 PI的试点工作建议使用复杂的非语音声音来探索驱动听觉分类的学习机制。 这些声音可以被合成以模仿语音类别的复杂性，并且刺激呈现的分布可以从理论上导出以模拟语音类别的各个方面，同时保持对经验的完全实验控制。 这项工作的主要目标有三个方面。 第一个目标是提供一个详细的数据库的形成和结构的复杂的听觉类别。 有一个缺乏在这方面的研究和拟议的工作将是有用的，在开发一个分类的听觉学习和测试现有的模型一般的感知分类（主要是基于视觉任务的数据）。 使用外显和附带学习程序的实验将映射分类反应结构的发展，因为听众获得了新的刺激经验。 第二个目标是将这些分类任务产生的结构与语音类别的典型结构（如分类感知和“感知磁铁”效应）进行比较。 第三个目标是开发有效的接触和培训方法，向第二语言学习者教授非母语对比。 学习非母语的语音对比是一项非常困难的任务。 揭示复杂类别学习的机制可以为训练个体区分这些复杂言语类别提供潜在的帮助。 这些辅助工具可以很容易地扩展到其他复杂的学习任务，如音乐训练，声学警告系统或听觉数据显示。