Dimension-based auditory selective attention

项目概要/摘要 人类交流和其他聆听行为通常发生在声学复杂或嘈杂的环境中 学校、餐馆和工作场所等环境。日常生活的大部分内容都要求我们做出行为上的选择—— 相关的听觉维度，并可能抑制不相关的维度，以便传达的信息 可以被记住并做出适当的反应。不幸的是，这种重要的日常能力受到以下因素的影响： 许多神经系统疾病导致生活质量显着下降。尽管听觉很重要 选择性注意，其认知和神经机制知之甚少。例如，虽然听觉 选择性注意被广泛认为涉及选择性增强行为相关的听觉 对于注意力焦点之外的维度和抑制维度，抑制的证据很少。的 拟议研究的长期目标是对听觉选择性产生机械性的理解 注意。本项目追求的中心假设是人类听觉选择性注意是结果 与增强（与任务相关的声音）和抑制（与任务无关的声音）相关的过程。 初步研究建立了一种用于吸引和改善听觉的非言语实验范式 选择性注意针对特定频段，并以非侵入性方式将其映射到听觉皮层 使用多模态 MRI。一项平行的初步研究表明，注意力训练可以提高 听觉选择性注意的行为和电生理测量。目标 1 将确定罚款- 颗粒状的“聆听窗口”，通过听觉选择性注意优先考虑并选择行为 相关的听觉维度，并可能抑制不相关的维度。这些研究也将 确定根据输入规律创建的任务和期望在多大程度上塑造听力窗口。 目标 2 将评估当听众学习时听觉注意滤波器的频谱时间形状的变化 更有效地将听觉选择性注意力部署到特定维度。目标 3 将确定 听觉选择性注意的神经生物学基础及其随听觉改善的变化 选择性注意。总而言之，拟议的研究将结合经典的心理物理学方法， 行为训练作为引入选择性注意力有针对性的要求的手段，以及新开发的 人类神经成像工具沿着听觉主轴检查人类听觉选择性注意力 表示——频率。这将为人类听觉选择性的感知认知分析搭建一座桥梁 迄今为止，对机械电生理学和细胞/分子研究的关注仅在 侵入性非人类动物工作，从而加深理解并建立一条自然的道路 未来基于证据的听觉注意力障碍补救方法。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Human communication and other listening behaviors often take place in acoustically complex, or noisy environments like schools, restaurants, and workplaces. Much of daily life requires us to select behaviorally- relevant auditory dimensions, and potentially suppress irrelevant dimensions, so that the information conveyed can be remembered and responded to appropriately. Unfortunately, this vital everyday ability is affected by many neurological conditions resulting in marked decreases in quality of life. Despite the importance of auditory selective attention, its cognitive and neural mechanisms are poorly understood. For example, although auditory selective attention is widely presumed to involve both a selective enhancement of behaviorally relevant auditory dimensions and suppression of dimensions outside this attentional focus, evidence for suppression is scant. The long-term goal of the proposed research is to arrive at a mechanistic understanding of auditory selective attention. The present project pursues the central hypothesis that human auditory selective attention is a result of processes related to both enhancement (of task-relevant sounds) and suppression (of task-irrelevant sounds). Preliminary studies establish a nonspeech experimental paradigm for engaging - and improving –auditory selective attention directed to specific frequency bands, and for non-invasively mapping it across auditory cortex using multimodal MRI. A parallel preliminary study establishes that attention training drives improvements in behavioral and electrophysiological measures of auditory selective attention. Aim 1 will determine the fine- grained `listening window' through which auditory selective attention prioritizes and selects behaviorally relevant auditory dimensions, and potentially suppresses irrelevant dimensions. These studies also will determine the extent to which tasks and expectations created from input regularities shape the listening window. Aim 2 will assess changes in the spectrotemporal shape of the auditory attentional filter as listeners learn to more efficiently deploy auditory selective attention to specific dimensions. Aim 3 will identify the neurobiological underpinnings of auditory selective attention and their changes across improvements in selective attention. In all, the proposed research will weave together classic psychophysical approaches, behavioral training as a means to introduce targeted demands on selective attention, and newly-developed human neuroimaging tools to examine human auditory selective attention along the primary axis of auditory representation – frequency. This will build a bridge from perceptuo-cognitive assays of human auditory selective attention to mechanistic electrophysiological and cellular/molecular studies thus far only undertaken with invasive nonhuman animal work, thereby compounding understanding and building a natural path toward future evidence-based approaches to the remediation of auditory attention impairments.