Dimension-based auditory selective attention

项目摘要/摘要 人类的交流和其他倾听行为通常发生在复杂的声学环境中，或者是嘈杂的环境 学校、餐馆和工作场所等环境。日常生活中的很多事情都需要我们在行为上做出选择-- 相关的听觉维度，并潜在地抑制不相关的维度，以便所传达的信息 能够被适当地记住和回应。不幸的是，这一至关重要的日常能力受到 许多神经疾病导致生活质量显著下降。尽管听觉的重要性 选择性注意，其认知和神经机制还知之甚少。例如，虽然听觉上的 人们普遍认为，选择性注意既包括对行为相关听觉的选择性增强 维度和维度的抑制在这种注意焦点之外，抑制的证据很少。这个 提出的研究的长期目标是达成对听觉选择性的机械性理解 请注意。本项目追求的中心假设是，人类的听觉选择性注意是 与增强(任务相关声音)和抑制(任务无关声音)有关的过程。 初步研究为参与和改善听觉建立了一个非言语实验范式 选择性注意被引导到特定的频段，并非侵入性地映射到整个听觉皮质 使用多模式磁共振成像。一项平行的初步研究证实，注意力训练会促进 听觉选择性注意的行为和电生理测量。目标1将决定罚款- 通过听觉选择性注意优先顺序和行为选择的粒状“倾听窗口” 相关的听觉维度，并可能抑制不相关的维度。这些研究也将 确定根据输入规则创建的任务和期望在多大程度上影响倾听窗口。 目标2将评估听觉注意过滤器的频谱时间形状的变化，因为听者正在学习 更有效地将听觉选择性注意部署到特定的维度。目标3将确定 听觉选择性注意的神经生物学基础及其在认知功能改善中的变化 选择性注意。总而言之，这项拟议的研究将把经典的心理物理学方法结合在一起， 行为训练作为一种引入选择性注意的针对性要求的手段，是新发展起来的 沿听觉主轴检查人类听觉选择性注意的人类神经成像工具 表示-频率。这将从人类听觉选择性的感知-认知分析中架起一座桥梁 到目前为止，对机械性电生理和细胞/分子研究的关注仅限于 侵入性的非人类动物工作，从而复合理解并建立一条自然的道路 未来以循证为基础的方法治疗听觉注意障碍。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Human communication and other listening behaviors often take place in acoustically complex, or noisy environments like schools, restaurants, and workplaces. Much of daily life requires us to select behaviorally- relevant auditory dimensions, and potentially suppress irrelevant dimensions, so that the information conveyed can be remembered and responded to appropriately. Unfortunately, this vital everyday ability is affected by many neurological conditions resulting in marked decreases in quality of life. Despite the importance of auditory selective attention, its cognitive and neural mechanisms are poorly understood. For example, although auditory selective attention is widely presumed to involve both a selective enhancement of behaviorally relevant auditory dimensions and suppression of dimensions outside this attentional focus, evidence for suppression is scant. The long-term goal of the proposed research is to arrive at a mechanistic understanding of auditory selective attention. The present project pursues the central hypothesis that human auditory selective attention is a result of processes related to both enhancement (of task-relevant sounds) and suppression (of task-irrelevant sounds). Preliminary studies establish a nonspeech experimental paradigm for engaging - and improving –auditory selective attention directed to specific frequency bands, and for non-invasively mapping it across auditory cortex using multimodal MRI. A parallel preliminary study establishes that attention training drives improvements in behavioral and electrophysiological measures of auditory selective attention. Aim 1 will determine the fine- grained `listening window' through which auditory selective attention prioritizes and selects behaviorally relevant auditory dimensions, and potentially suppresses irrelevant dimensions. These studies also will determine the extent to which tasks and expectations created from input regularities shape the listening window. Aim 2 will assess changes in the spectrotemporal shape of the auditory attentional filter as listeners learn to more efficiently deploy auditory selective attention to specific dimensions. Aim 3 will identify the neurobiological underpinnings of auditory selective attention and their changes across improvements in selective attention. In all, the proposed research will weave together classic psychophysical approaches, behavioral training as a means to introduce targeted demands on selective attention, and newly-developed human neuroimaging tools to examine human auditory selective attention along the primary axis of auditory representation – frequency. This will build a bridge from perceptuo-cognitive assays of human auditory selective attention to mechanistic electrophysiological and cellular/molecular studies thus far only undertaken with invasive nonhuman animal work, thereby compounding understanding and building a natural path toward future evidence-based approaches to the remediation of auditory attention impairments.