Formation and Tuning of Complex Auditory Categories

复杂听觉类别的形成和调节

• 批准号: 8606118
• 负责人: LORI L HOLT
• 金额: $ 32.52万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8606118
• 关键词: Accent; Accounting; Acoustics; Affect; Anatomy; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Categories; Characteristics; Clinical; Cochlear Implants; Communication impairment; Complex; Comprehension; Dimensions; Disease; Environment; Event; Exposure to; Foundations; Funding; Goals; Health; Hearing Aids; Implant; Individual; Individual Differences; Intuition; Knowledge; Language; Maps; Modeling; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Perceptual Disorders; Perceptual learning; Performance; Phonetics; Play; Process; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Series; Solid; Solutions; Specificity; Speech; Speech Disorders; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Structure; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; base; design; developmental disease; digital; evidence base; experience; hearing impairment; language processing; lexical; novel; programs; public health relevance; research study; signal processing; sound; speech accuracy; theories; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This collaborative research program investigates processes underlying the formation and tuning of complex sound categories. The overall goal is to provide a model of auditory categorization that can be readily applied to challenges of speech perception and communication disorders. Language learners form (phonetic) auditory categories of native-language sounds from the distributions of experienced speech sounds produced by many talkers. However, these averaged categories may not be appropriate for the speech produced by a specific talker. For example, non-native speech may not adhere to the patterns typical of native speakers. The aim of the current project is to develop and test a theoretical and practical model of how listeners use context to normalize, or tune, speech perception to the characteristics of a particular listening situation. The proposed experiments will move the model beyond mere demonstrations of normalization to make quantitative predictions of performance as a function of the content and temporal extent of the context. Such a practical model can be used to develop signal processing strategies for hearing aids and implants as well as to predict intelligibility of disordered speech. Building on the empirical outcomes of the previous project, the present research tests predictions arising from the hypothesis that a general auditory mechanism sensitive to the spectral interactions that occur between context and target sounds can account quantitatively for patterns of speech perception that appear to require extraction of vocal-tract-specific talker information. Another set of experiments will test the influence of perceptual learning of talker-specific patterns of speech in supporting this mechanism. A final series of experiments will bridge the gap that often exists between tests of speech perception phenomena and understanding real-world speech intelligibility and comprehension. Such a linkage is critical for deriving theory- and evidence-based clinical approaches in treatment of communication disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：该协作研究计划研究了复杂声音类别的形成和调整的基础流程。总体目标是提供一个听觉分类的模型，可以很容易地应用于语音感知和沟通障碍的挑战。语言学习者形式的（语音）听觉类别是来自许多说话者产生的经验丰富的语音的分布的本地语言声音。但是，这些平均类别可能不适合特定说话者发表的演讲。例如，非本地语音可能不遵守母语者的典型模式。当前项目的目的是开发和测试一个理论和实用的模型，即听众如何使用上下文对特定聆听状况的特征进行语言感知进行归一化或调整语音感知。提出的实验将使模型超出归一化的证明，以对性能进行定量预测，这是内容的函数和上下文的时间范围。这样的实用模型可用于制定助听器和植入物的信号处理策略，并预测言语无序的清晰度。在上一个项目的经验结果的基础上，本研究测试的预测是由一个假设引起的，即对上下文和目标声音之间发生的光谱相互作用敏感的一般听觉机制可以定量地解释语音感知的模式，而语音感知似乎需要提取声音特异性的谈话者信息。另一组实验将测试对说话者特定语音模式的感知学习在支持该机制中的影响。最后一系列的实验将弥合语音感知现象测试与理解现实世界的语音清晰度和理解之间经常存在的差距。这种联系对于得出沟通障碍治疗的理论和基于证据的临床方法至关重要。