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Behavioral outcomes and neurobiological mechanisms of sustained auditory selective attention

持续听觉选择性注意的行为结果和神经生物学机制

基本信息

批准号：
10064026
负责人：
LORI L HOLT
金额：
$ 47.42万
依托单位：
CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-01-01 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10064026
关键词：
Acoustics Adopted Adult Affect Animal Experimentation Animals Attention Auditory Auditory area Automobile Driving Behavior Behavioral Biological Assay Characteristics Clinical Cognitive Communication Communication impairment Complex Coupled Crowding Developmental Communication Disorders Dimensions Disease Electrophysiology (science)Employment Opportunities Environment Equilibrium Event Frequencies Friends Future Goals Grain Human Impairment Learning Life Literature Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Mental Depression Mental disorders Modeling Molecular Neurobiology Neurodegenerative Disorders Neurologic Noise Play Process Psychophysics Quality of life Research Resolution Restaurants Risk Schools Shapes Signal Transduction Social isolation Source Speech Stimulus Stroke Testing Training Traumatic Brain Injury Work Workplace auditory pathway behavioral outcome developmental disease directed attention evidence base expectation improved innovation lectures meetings multimodality myelination nervous system disorder neurobiological mechanism neuroimaging neuromechanism novel strategies prevent remediation selective attention sound theories tool

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Human communication and other listening behaviors often take place in acoustically complex, or noisy environments like schools, restaurants, and workplaces. Much of daily life requires us to select behaviorally- relevant auditory dimensions, and potentially suppress irrelevant dimensions, so that the information conveyed can be remembered and responded to appropriately. Unfortunately, this vital everyday ability is affected by many neurological conditions resulting in marked decreases in quality of life. Despite the importance of auditory selective attention, its cognitive and neural mechanisms are poorly understood. For example, although auditory selective attention is widely presumed to involve both a selective enhancement of behaviorally relevant auditory dimensions and suppression of dimensions outside this attentional focus, evidence for suppression is scant. The long-term goal of the proposed research is to arrive at a mechanistic understanding of auditory selective attention. The present project pursues the central hypothesis that human auditory selective attention is a result of processes related to both enhancement (of task-relevant sounds) and suppression (of task-irrelevant sounds). Preliminary studies establish a nonspeech experimental paradigm for engaging - and improving –auditory selective attention directed to specific frequency bands, and for non-invasively mapping it across auditory cortex using multimodal MRI. A parallel preliminary study establishes that attention training drives improvements in behavioral and electrophysiological measures of auditory selective attention. Aim 1 will determine the fine- grained `listening window' through which auditory selective attention prioritizes and selects behaviorally relevant auditory dimensions, and potentially suppresses irrelevant dimensions. These studies also will determine the extent to which tasks and expectations created from input regularities shape the listening window. Aim 2 will assess changes in the spectrotemporal shape of the auditory attentional filter as listeners learn to more efficiently deploy auditory selective attention to specific dimensions. Aim 3 will identify the neurobiological underpinnings of auditory selective attention and their changes across improvements in selective attention. In all, the proposed research will weave together classic psychophysical approaches, behavioral training as a means to introduce targeted demands on selective attention, and newly-developed human neuroimaging tools to examine human auditory selective attention along the primary axis of auditory representation – frequency. This will build a bridge from perceptuo-cognitive assays of human auditory selective attention to mechanistic electrophysiological and cellular/molecular studies thus far only undertaken with invasive nonhuman animal work, thereby compounding understanding and building a natural path toward future evidence-based approaches to the remediation of auditory attention impairments.

项目总结/文摘