Health effects of exposure to air pollutants - knowledge transfer on air quality monitoring and modelling between developed and developing countries.
接触空气污染物对健康的影响 - 发达国家和发展中国家之间空气质量监测和建模的知识转移。
基本信息
- 批准号:2278530
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Studentship
- 财政年份:2019
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2019 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
This PhD project will develop integrated air pollution monitoring and modelling methods as a key part of mitigation strategies to minimise human exposure and subsequent health risks in the developed and developing world. Urban homes in Glasgow are affected to varying extent by infiltration of traffic-related air pollutants, while biomass combustion pollutants are frequently experienced in homes in Malawi. The student to be supported is currently working in a GCRF pilot project (Oct 2018 - July 2019) with miniature air pollution monitors and medical devices to interpret associations between exposure and changes in cardiovascular and respiratory function in Malawi. In the PhD project, the same monitoring technology will be used in: (a) novel multi-site evaluation of a state of the art outdoor air pollution model (developed by the lead industrial partner through our earlier NERC CASE PhD project [1]); (b) application of combined monitoring and modelling methods to estimate pollution exposures to vulnerable individuals in Glasgow (NHS Sleep & Respiratory clinic patients) and Malawi (women & children exposed to cookstove emissions).Background: The health effects of air pollution are subject to intense scientific scrutiny, with exposure consistently associated with illness & shortening of life expectancy [2]. However the evidence base remains limited by deficiencies in methods used to estimate pollution exposures. Until now a key limitation has been a lack of portable pollution monitoring instruments suitable for: direct quantification of exposures; and for evaluation of exposure models. Through NERC & Innovate UK research, the studentship will benefit from existing practical experience in field evaluation of state of the art, portable air quality monitoring sensors [3,4]. The studentship will extend bi-directional knowledge transfer between GCRF-funded exposure monitoring in Malawi and study of effects of exposure on susceptible individuals attending NHS Sleep & Respiratory clinics in Glasgow. The exposure of vulnerable people in both countries will be examined using efficient re-application of the same methods to assess the benefits of interventions to reduce exposure to air pollutants.The project develops collaboration with: Ricardo Energy & Environment, North Carolina State & Stirling Universities; RTI International; Queen Elizabeth University Hospital University, Glasgow; and public health colleagues in Malawi. The letters of support for this application illustrate how development of collaborative research at the interface between environmental engineering and public health will be of direct benefit to people in Scotland and Malawi. Through strategic collection of pilot data this PhD project will strengthen our work on preparation of several applications for large research council grants for research on air pollution exposure using the combination of methods described here.Objectives: 1. To use field-calibrated miniature monitoring systems for direct pollution exposure assessment and for multiple-site evaluation of a dispersion model (PM2.5, black carbon, NO2).2. To apply integrated monitoring and modelling developed in objective 1 to determine the health benefits of reducing pollution exposure in case studies in Scotland and Malawi.References:[1] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.05.014[2] http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104509[3] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.04.008[4] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.07.087
该博士项目将开发综合空气污染监测和建模方法,作为缓解战略的关键部分,以尽量减少发达国家和发展中国家的人类接触和随后的健康风险。格拉斯哥的城市家庭在不同程度上受到与交通有关的空气污染物渗透的影响,而马拉维的家庭则经常遇到生物质燃烧污染物。该学生目前正在马拉维的一个GCRF试点项目(2018年10月至2019年7月)中工作,使用微型空气污染监测仪和医疗设备来解释暴露与心血管和呼吸功能变化之间的关系。在博士项目中,同样的监测技术将用于:(a)对最先进的室外空气污染模型进行新颖的多地点评估(由主要工业合作伙伴通过我们早期的NERC CASE博士项目[1]开发);(b)应用综合监测和建模方法来估计格拉斯哥(NHS睡眠与呼吸诊所的病人)和马拉维(暴露于炉灶排放物的妇女和儿童)脆弱个体的污染暴露情况。背景:空气污染对健康的影响受到严格的科学审查,接触空气一直与疾病和预期寿命缩短有关。然而,由于用于估计污染暴露的方法存在缺陷,证据基础仍然有限。到目前为止,一个关键的限制是缺乏适合于:直接定量暴露的便携式污染监测仪器;以及对暴露模型的评估。通过NERC和Innovate UK的研究,该学生将受益于现有的最先进的便携式空气质量监测传感器现场评估的实践经验[3,4]。该奖学金将扩大gcrf资助的马拉维暴露监测与格拉斯哥NHS睡眠与呼吸诊所易感个体暴露影响研究之间的双向知识转移。将对两国脆弱人群的暴露情况进行审查,有效地重新应用同样的方法来评估减少接触空气污染物的干预措施的益处。该项目的合作伙伴包括:里卡多能源与环境、北卡罗来纳州立大学和斯特林大学;RTI国际;格拉斯哥大学伊丽莎白女王大学医院;以及马拉维的公共卫生同事。这一申请的支持信说明了环境工程和公共卫生之间的合作研究的发展将如何直接造福苏格兰和马拉维的人民。通过战略性地收集试点数据,本博士项目将加强我们的工作,利用本文所述的方法组合,为研究空气污染暴露的几项大型研究理事会拨款申请做准备。目的:1。使用现场校准的微型监测系统进行直接污染暴露评估和对扩散模型(PM2.5、黑碳、二氧化氮)的多地点评估。在苏格兰和马拉维的个案研究中,应用目标1中制定的综合监测和模型,以确定减少污染暴露对健康的益处。参考资料:[1]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.05.014[2] http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104509[3] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.07.087
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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其他文献
吉治仁志 他: "トランスジェニックマウスによるTIMP-1の線維化促進機序"最新医学. 55. 1781-1787 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等:“转基因小鼠中 TIMP-1 的促纤维化机制”现代医学 55. 1781-1787 (2000)。
- DOI:
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LiDAR Implementations for Autonomous Vehicle Applications
- DOI:
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2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
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吉治仁志 他: "イラスト医学&サイエンスシリーズ血管の分子医学"羊土社(渋谷正史編). 125 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等人:“血管医学与科学系列分子医学图解”Yodosha(涉谷正志编辑)125(2000)。
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Effect of manidipine hydrochloride,a calcium antagonist,on isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy: "Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,K.,Teragaki,M.,Iwao,H.and Yoshikawa,J." Jpn Circ J. 62(1). 47-52 (1998)
钙拮抗剂盐酸马尼地平对异丙肾上腺素引起的左心室肥厚的影响:“Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,
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