Defining nutrient sources and fluxes driving lowland drinking water reservoir ecosystem responses

定义驱动低地饮用水水库生态系统响应的营养物来源和通量

• 批准号: 2279870
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2279870
• 关键词: Defining; nutrient; sources; fluxes; driving

Nutrient enrichment of surface freshwaters is the single largest stressor on freshwater ecosystems and the services they provide, throughout the developed world. However, efforts to develop mitigation measures to tackle extinction and impairment for eutrophicated waters have been hampered, to date, by an incomplete understanding of the range of nutrient forms generating these stresses in catchments. Specifically, measures focusing on controlling the flux of single (inorganic) nutrient forms to these waters fail to consider the capacity of the biota to access, utilise, and respond to organic and particulate nutrient fractions, with a range of emerging organic contaminants generating further damage to ecosystem health. In order to develop effective policy and management to tackle these problems, a holistic approach is required. Novel techniques recently developed in a suite of NERC funded research programmes led by the supervisory team proposed here now allow a more sophisticated approach to characterising the nature, origins and ecological significance of all nutrient fractions delivered to freshwater ecosystems from their catchments. This studentship will provide the student with the opportunity to receive training in these cutting-edge techniques from world-leading experts in the development of hierarchical monitoring and analysis approaches for waters, the deployment of novel telemetered sensor technologies for freshwater monitoring, novel high resolution omics methods for compound specific determination of organic matter chemistry in contributing sources and the water body, and in bioassay-based approaches to determine the range of stressors generating impacts in the phytoplankton, epilithic and macrophyte communities of surface freshwaters. The student will work on a local water supply reservoir, Chew Valley Lake (SPA, SSSI) that supports an internationally important wildfowl population and regionally important trout fishery managed by the CASE Partner (www.bristolwaterfisheries.co.uk/lakes/chew-valley-lake/), but exhibits a highly degraded macrophyte and phytoplankton ecology. The student will use these novel techniques to pinpoint the key contributing sources in the catchment and key contaminants impairing lake ecosystem health. Working closely with the CASE Partner, Bristol Water (who lead the local Mendip Lakes Partnership with Natural England, Environment Agency and Catchment Sensitive Farming) and also with the Bristol Avon Catchment Partnership (www.wessexwater.co.uk/bristolavon/), the outcomes from the studentship will be used to develop a holistic understanding of the pressures driving extinction and impairment in the lake, and feed into the development of a targeted catchment management strategy to improve the ecosystem health, natural capital and ecosystem service resilience in Chew Valley Lake and its catchment, and provide wider benefits for people and nature at a catchment scale.

在整个发达世界，表层淡水的营养富集是淡水生态系统及其提供的服务的最大压力源。然而，努力制定缓解措施，以解决灭绝和损害的富营养化沃茨一直受到阻碍，到目前为止，由于不完全了解的营养形式的范围内产生这些压力的集水区。具体而言，侧重于控制单一（无机）营养物质形式流入这些沃茨的措施未能考虑生物群获取、利用和应对有机和颗粒营养成分的能力，一系列新出现的有机污染物对生态系统健康造成进一步损害。为了制定有效的政策和管理来解决这些问题，需要采取一种整体的办法。新技术最近开发的一套NERC资助的研究项目领导的监督小组在这里提出现在允许一个更复杂的方法来表征的性质，起源和生态意义的所有营养成分提供给淡水生态系统从他们的集水区。该奖学金将为学生提供机会，从世界领先的专家那里获得这些尖端技术的培训，这些专家负责沃茨的分层监测和分析方法的开发，用于淡水监测的新型遥测传感器技术的部署，用于贡献源和水体中有机物化学的化合物特定测定的新型高分辨率组学方法，以及采用生物测定方法，确定对淡水表层浮游植物、石生植物和大型植物群落产生影响的压力源的范围。学生将在当地的供水水库，周谷湖（SPA，SSSI），支持国际上重要的野禽种群和区域重要的鳟鱼渔业由CASE合作伙伴（www.bristolwaterbueries.co.uk/lakes/chew-valley-lake/）管理工作，但表现出高度退化的大型植物和浮游植物生态。学生将使用这些新技术来确定集水区的主要贡献源和损害湖泊生态系统健康的主要污染物。与CASE合作伙伴布里斯托水务公司密切合作（他领导当地的门迪普湖泊与自然英格兰，环境署和流域敏感农业的合作伙伴关系），也与布里斯托雅芳流域合作伙伴关系（www.wessexwater.co.uk/bristolavon/），学生奖学金的成果将用于全面了解推动湖泊灭绝和损害的压力，并为制定有针对性的流域管理战略提供投入，以改善Chew Valley湖及其流域的生态系统健康、自然资本和生态系统服务复原力，并在流域范围内为人类和自然提供更广泛的利益。